{"id":1409,"date":"2026-10-21T21:49:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T21:49:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/ro\/?page_id=1409"},"modified":"2026-10-22T05:43:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T05:43:47","slug":"journal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/ka\/journal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"byj\"><header class=\"byj-hero\"><div class=\"byj-hero-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_eu_arhiva2.webp\" alt=\"\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3. \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\"><\/div><div class=\"byj-hero-txt\"><p class=\"byj-kicker\">\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/p><h1>\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8<\/h1><p class=\"byj-lead\">\u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e1. \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10db\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2. \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p><\/div><\/header><nav class=\"byj-index\"><a href=\"#londra\"><span>01<\/span><b>\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, 1907<\/b><i>\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc<\/i><\/a><a href=\"#bitola-1909\"><span>02<\/span><b>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, 1909<\/b><i>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/i><\/a><a href=\"#plovdiv\"><span>03<\/span><b>\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 1916\u20131919<\/b><i>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/i><\/a><a href=\"#sliven\"><span>04<\/span><b>\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/b><i>\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/i><\/a><a href=\"#laista\"><span>05<\/span><b>\u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0, 1898<\/b><i>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/i><\/a><a href=\"#korce\"><span>06<\/span><b>\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0<\/b><i>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8<\/i><\/a><a href=\"#bitola-1911\"><span>07<\/span><b>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, 1911<\/b><i>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/i><\/a><\/nav><section class=\"byj-ch\" id=\"londra\"><header class=\"byj-head\"><span class=\"byj-no\">01<\/span><span class=\"byj-stamp\">\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u00b7 1907<\/span><h2>\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc<\/h2><p class=\"byj-where\">\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0<\/p><\/header><div class=\"byj-scrolly\"><div class=\"byj-fig\"><div class=\"byj-frame\"><div class=\"byj-stage\"><img data-k=\"london\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_london.webp\" alt=\"\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8: \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 Criterion Theatre-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"byj-ring\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"byj-cap\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-text\"><p data-f=\"london|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0.\">\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e6\u10d0\u10ea \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d0. \u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d2\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7; \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e2\u10da\u10d8. \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1.<\/p><p data-f=\"london|47|80|2.6\" data-cap=\"\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8, \u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4.\">\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d0. \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0: Bioscope-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 300, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 1905 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 1906-\u10e1.<\/p><p data-f=\"london|50|64|3.4\" data-cap=\"Charles Wyndham \u00b7 Criterion Theatre \u00b7 Miss Mary Moore.\">\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da-\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4, \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d6\u10d4: <em>Charles Wyndham<\/em> \u10d3\u10d0 <em>Miss Mary Moore<\/em>, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4: <em>Criterion Theatre<\/em>.<\/p><p data-f=\"london|52|56|3.6\" data-cap=\"\u201eThe Liars\u201c, \u10f0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ef\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0.\">\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10de\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8: <em>The Liars<\/em>. \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p><p data-f=\"london|50|50|1.15\" data-cap=\"Criterion Theatre, \u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8-\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8, 1907.\">\u10f0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ef\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 Criterion-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 1897 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 <em>The Liars<\/em> 1907 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 13 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1; 15 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 <em>The Mollusc<\/em>-\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.criterion-theatre.co.uk\/documentdownload.axd?documentresourceid=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10db\u10d0<\/a> \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd 1907 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"london|42|62|1.8\" data-cap=\"\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2-\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2 48-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4.\">\u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. 1907 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10d6 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea Bioscope-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2-\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2 48-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc Criterion-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0.<\/p><p>\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, 1905 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, 1907 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10da \u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10e3\u10ea \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 2024 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 <em>Ioan D. Manakia \u00een documente din arhiva Societ\u0103\u021bii de Cultur\u0103 Macedo-Rom\u00e2n\u0103 (1906\u20131948)<\/em>. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"byj-film\"><video src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_despa.mp4\" muted loop playsinline preload=\"metadata\"><\/video><figcaption>\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8, 1907. \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd: \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p class=\"byj-coda\">\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10e7\u10e3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"byj-ch\" id=\"bitola-1909\"><header class=\"byj-head\"><span class=\"byj-no\">02<\/span><span class=\"byj-stamp\">\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u00b7 1909<\/span><h2>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/h2><p class=\"byj-where\">\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u00b7 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 14\u201315 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/p><\/header><div class=\"byj-scrolly\"><div class=\"byj-fig\"><div class=\"byj-frame\"><div class=\"byj-stage\"><img data-k=\"s1417\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_1417-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 1417\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"s515\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_515.webp\" alt=\"\u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 515\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"st1\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_st1-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"tent\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_tent-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"st3\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_st3-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"byj-ring\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"byj-cap\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-text\"><p data-f=\"s1417|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u1c91\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d6\u10dd. \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 1417.\">\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u201c.<\/p><p data-f=\"s515|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u1c94\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 515.\">\u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 1417 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1: \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10ee\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc. \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 515 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0: \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10ee\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7, \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2-\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10e3\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4. \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p><p data-f=\"s515|77|27|3.6\" data-cap=\"\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5. \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 515.\">\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10db\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4: \u10d8\u10db \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 515-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5, \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8.<\/p><p data-f=\"s1417|18|60.5|4.2\" data-cap=\"\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5. \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 1417.\">\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 1417-\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5, \u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p><p data-f=\"s515|77|27|2.2\">\u10d4\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, 1881-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10e5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d4\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"st1|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, 1909.\">\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d0: \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p><p data-f=\"st1|50|62|1.3\">1909 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. 1908 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. 1909 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d1\u10d3\u10e3\u10da-\u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d2\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea\u10e1, \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p><p data-f=\"st1|64.4|54|4.2\" data-cap=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8: \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8.\">\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1: \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e9\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e3\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8.<\/p><p data-f=\"tent|54.4|50.4|3\" data-cap=\"\u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0: \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea\u10d8, \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.\">\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7; \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8: \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea\u10d8.<\/p><p data-f=\"tent|46.7|50.2|5\" data-cap=\"\u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0: \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8.\">\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p><p data-f=\"st3|50|55|1.2\" data-cap=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1.\">\u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"st3|64.4|55.2|5.5\" data-cap=\"\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1.\">\u10d1\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0, \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4, \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"st1|64.4|54|6\" data-cap=\"\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4.\">\u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10e3\u10db \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0: \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"byj-after\"><p>\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8, \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u2013\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 1894 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 1909 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0; \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea. \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8. \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0: \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d0. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d5. \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1: 1894 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 13 \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-trio\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_gara_front.webp\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, 2026\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d0, 2026.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_gara_peron_v2.webp\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_gara_placa_v2.webp\" alt=\"\u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u2013\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8, 1894 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 13 \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 1894. \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 2026.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"byj-doc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Expertiza_Ataturk_Badulescu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0 \u00b7 \u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10e3 (PDF)<\/a><\/p><div class=\"byj-pair\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_eu_arhiva.webp\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8.\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_eu_camera.webp\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8.\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, 2026.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"byj-coda\">\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"byj-ch\" id=\"plovdiv\"><header class=\"byj-head\"><span class=\"byj-no\">03<\/span><span class=\"byj-stamp\">\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u00b7 1916\u20131919<\/span><h2>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/h2><p class=\"byj-where\">\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u00b7 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/p><\/header><div class=\"byj-scrolly\"><div class=\"byj-fig\"><div class=\"byj-frame\"><div class=\"byj-stage\"><img data-k=\"p2336\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_2336.webp\" alt=\"\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"p3387\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_3387.webp\" alt=\"\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"byj-ring\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"byj-cap\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-text\"><p data-f=\"p2336|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 1916\u20131919.\">1916\u20131919 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10eb\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"p2336|45|35|3\" data-cap=\"\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.\">\u10d8\u10db \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"p3387|46|38|2.6\" data-cap=\"\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0: \u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8.\">\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10f0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4 \u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d5, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e7\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0: \u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0: \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p><p data-f=\"p3387|50|50|1\">\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc: \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d9\u10dd \u10e2\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d9\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1. \u201e\u10db\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0.\u201c<\/p><p data-f=\"p3387|54.6|36|3.4\" data-cap=\"\u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc.\">\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8, \u10db\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p><p data-f=\"p2336|43|32|3.4\" data-cap=\"\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd, \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7.\">\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0: <em>Manaki<\/em>, \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, <em>Phil.<\/em>, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"byj-trio byj-port\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_barber_found.webp\" alt=\"\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1.\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_barber.webp\" alt=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8. \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0: Manaki, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8.\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8. \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0: Manaki, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_woman.webp\" alt=\"\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 Manaki, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8.\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 Manaki, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"byj-after\"><p>\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7: \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10db\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1: \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 <em>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0430\u0444\u044c\u043e\u0440<\/em>, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0. \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"byj-cmp\"><div class=\"byj-cmp-box\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_plov_azi2.webp\" alt=\"\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 2026\" loading=\"lazy\"><div class=\"byj-cmp-top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_3289.webp\" alt=\"\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 1916\u20131919\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><span class=\"byj-cmp-l\">\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 1916\u20131919<\/span><span class=\"byj-cmp-r\">\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 2026<\/span><input type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"50\" aria-label=\"\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7: \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0.\"><\/div><figcaption>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7: \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"byj-after\"><p>\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0, \u10e5\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0: <em>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/em>, \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p><p>\u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1: \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-solo byj-port\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_5324.webp\" alt=\"\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0, \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 1916\u20131919.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"byj-coda\">\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"byj-ch\" id=\"sliven\"><header class=\"byj-head\"><span class=\"byj-no\">04<\/span><span class=\"byj-stamp\">\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u00b7 2026<\/span><h2>\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/h2><p class=\"byj-where\">\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u00b7 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/p><\/header><div class=\"byj-scrolly\"><div class=\"byj-fig\"><div class=\"byj-frame\"><div class=\"byj-stage\"><img data-k=\"sl1916\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_sliven1916.webp\" alt=\"\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e9\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"byj-ring\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"byj-cap\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-text\"><p data-f=\"sl1916|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8: \u201e\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u201c.\">\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10e9\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u201e\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u201c. \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4, \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"sl1916|42|80|2.6\" data-cap=\"\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8, \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4.\">\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10d5\u10e3\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8.<\/p><p data-f=\"sl1916|60|22|2.4\" data-cap=\"\u10db\u10d7\u10d0 \u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4.\">\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8. \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5 \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8.<\/p><p data-f=\"sl1916|50|55|1.5\">\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d4. \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1; \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0.<\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"byj-cmp\"><div class=\"byj-cmp-box\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_sliven2026.webp\" alt=\"\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, 2026\" loading=\"lazy\"><div class=\"byj-cmp-top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_sliven1916.webp\" alt=\"\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8, 1916\u20131919\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><span class=\"byj-cmp-l\">\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8, 1916\u20131919<\/span><span class=\"byj-cmp-r\">\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, 2026<\/span><input type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"50\" aria-label=\"\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7: \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1.\"><\/div><figcaption>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7: \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"byj-after\"><p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 1916\u20131919 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8? \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"byj-ch\" id=\"laista\"><header class=\"byj-head\"><span class=\"byj-no\">05<\/span><span class=\"byj-stamp\">\u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0 \u00b7 1898<\/span><h2>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/h2><p class=\"byj-where\">\u10d6\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, 2017 \u00b7 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, 2024 \u00b7 \u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8, 2025\u20132026<\/p><\/header><div class=\"byj-scrolly\"><div class=\"byj-fig\"><div class=\"byj-frame\"><div class=\"byj-stage\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-k=\"laista2\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laista2.webp?ssl=1\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4, \u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-k=\"laista0\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laista0.webp?ssl=1\" alt=\"\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"byj-ring\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"byj-cap\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-text\"><p data-f=\"laista2|50|50|1\">\u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0, \u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da. 1900 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e5 \u10ea\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1: \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p><p data-f=\"laista2|50|40|1.4\">\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4: \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da. 1900 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. 2017 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e1, \u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: 1898. \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"laista2|50|60|1.8\" data-cap=\"\u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0.\">\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p><p data-f=\"laista0|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.\">\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, 2024 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"byj-trio\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laista0.webp?ssl=1\" alt=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laista1.webp?ssl=1\" alt=\"\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laista2.webp?ssl=1\" alt=\"\u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0, \u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0, \u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"byj-after\"><p>\u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, 2025 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4, \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0. \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8. \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p><p>2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7, \u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1. \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-wide\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_xanthi.webp\" alt=\"\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8, 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 23 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10e3, \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8, 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 23 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10e3, \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"byj-ch\" id=\"korce\"><header class=\"byj-head\"><span class=\"byj-no\">06<\/span><span class=\"byj-stamp\">\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u00b7 2025<\/span><h2>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8<\/h2><p class=\"byj-where\">\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u00b7 2025 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/p><\/header><div class=\"byj-scrolly\"><div class=\"byj-fig\"><div class=\"byj-frame\"><div class=\"byj-stage\"><img data-k=\"k1900\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_korce_1900.webp\" alt=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"kazi\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_korce_azi7193.webp\" alt=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"kcontur\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_korce_contur.webp\" alt=\"\u10ec\u10db. \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"byj-ring\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"byj-cap\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-text\"><p data-f=\"k1900|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0, XX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0.\">\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1: \u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8, \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p><p data-f=\"k1900|31|31|3.4\" data-cap=\"\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8.\">\u10d5\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da. 1900 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: 1905 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10db. \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd.<\/p><p data-f=\"kazi|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0, 2025 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8.\">\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. 1960-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8; \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc 1970-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d0: \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 2014 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p><p data-f=\"kcontur|50|52|1\" data-cap=\"\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.\">\u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d8\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"byj-cmp\"><div class=\"byj-cmp-box\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_korce_azi7193.webp\" alt=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0, 2025\" loading=\"lazy\"><div class=\"byj-cmp-top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_korce_1900.webp\" alt=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0, 1905 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><span class=\"byj-cmp-l\">\u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/span><span class=\"byj-cmp-r\">\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0, 2025<\/span><input type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"50\" aria-label=\"\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\"><\/div><figcaption>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7: \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/section><section class=\"byj-ch\" id=\"bitola-1911\"><header class=\"byj-head\"><span class=\"byj-no\">07<\/span><span class=\"byj-stamp\">\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u00b7 1911<\/span><h2>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/h2><p class=\"byj-where\">\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u00b7 2025 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/p><\/header><div class=\"byj-scrolly\"><div class=\"byj-fig\"><div class=\"byj-frame\"><div class=\"byj-stage\"><img data-k=\"su1911\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_sultan1911.webp\" alt=\"\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10f0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 V \u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, 1911\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img data-k=\"suazi\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_sultan_azi.webp\" alt=\"\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"byj-ring\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"byj-cap\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"byj-text\"><p data-f=\"suazi|50|45|1\" data-cap=\"\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1: \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8.\">\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10dc\u10d0\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4. \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10f0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 V \u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, 1911 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p><p data-f=\"su1911|50|50|1\" data-cap=\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, 1911 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.\">\u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1: \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0.<\/p><p data-f=\"su1911|58|40|1.8\" data-cap=\"\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8.\">\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0: \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10e6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8.<\/p><p>\u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1: \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d1\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"byj-film\"><video src=\"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/j_sultan.mp4\" muted loop playsinline preload=\"metadata\"><\/video><figcaption>\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10f0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 V \u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, 1911. \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8. \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd: \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/section><footer class=\"byj-end\"><p>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p><\/footer><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e1. \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, 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