{"id":1985,"date":"2026-10-26T08:43:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T08:43:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/research\/papers\/"},"modified":"2026-10-27T05:53:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:53:21","slug":"papers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/mk\/research\/papers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n.rsp{--pa:#f4f1ea;--tx:#2f2b25;--dm:#776f63;--oc:#b5762c;--ru:#d8d0c0;\n background:var(--pa);color:var(--tx);font:400 17px\/1.7 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;\n margin:0;padding:0 0 70px;overflow-x:hidden}\n.rsp *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.rsp .wrp{max-width:860px;margin:0 auto;padding:44px 30px 0}\n.rsp .bc{margin:0 0 26px;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}\n.rsp .bc a{color:var(--dm);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ru);padding-bottom:1px}\n.rsp .bc a:hover{color:#4f483d}\n.rsp h1{margin:0 0 14px;font:400 clamp(30px,4.6vw,46px)\/1.12 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;color:#1f1c18;letter-spacing:-.015em}\n.rsp .lead{margin:0 0 36px;font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.66;color:#5c554a;max-width:60ch}\n.rsp h2{margin:46px 0 14px;font:400 25px\/1.25 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;color:#241f1a}\n.rsp h2 .yr{display:block;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--oc);margin-bottom:2px}\n.rsp h3{margin:30px 0 10px;font:600 18px\/1.3 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;color:#33302a}\n.rsp p{margin:0 0 14px;max-width:68ch}\n.rsp p.place{margin:-8px 0 12px;color:#776f63;font-size:15.5px}\n.rsp p.bib{max-width:none;padding-left:1.7em;text-indent:-1.7em;font-size:15.8px;line-height:1.62;margin:0 0 11px}\n.rsp ul,.rsp ol{margin:0 0 16px;padding-left:1.25em;max-width:66ch}\n.rsp li{margin:0 0 7px}\n.rsp a{color:var(--oc);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(181,118,44,.42);padding-bottom:1px}\n.rsp a:hover{color:#8f5a1c}\n.rsp blockquote{margin:18px 0;padding:14px 20px;border-left:3px solid var(--oc);background:rgba(181,118,44,.06);max-width:62ch}\n.rsp blockquote p{margin:0;max-width:none}\n.rsp .tw{overflow-x:auto;margin:20px 0 24px}\n.rsp table{border-collapse:collapse;min-width:620px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5}\n.rsp th{text-align:left;padding:8px 16px 8px 0;border-bottom:2px solid var(--ru);font-weight:600;color:#33302a;vertical-align:bottom}\n.rsp td{vertical-align:top;padding:8px 16px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ru)}\n.rsp .gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:18px;margin:26px 0 30px;max-width:none}\n.rsp .gal figure{margin:0}\n.rsp .gal img{width:100%;display:block;border-radius:2px}\n.rsp .gal figcaption{margin-top:6px;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:#776f63}\n.rsp .idx{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:8px 0 10px;max-width:none}\n.rsp .idx li{margin:0;padding:15px 0 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ru)}\n.rsp .idx a{font-size:20px;border-bottom:none}\n.rsp .idx .d{display:block;margin-top:3px;color:#776f63;font-size:15px;max-width:62ch}\n.rsp .dl{margin-top:40px;font-size:13px;color:#978e7f;max-width:none}\n.rsp .rnav{margin-top:52px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--ru);font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.9;color:#776f63;max-width:none}\n.rsp .rnav b{color:#4f483d;font-weight:600}\n.rsp .rnav a{border-bottom:none;white-space:nowrap}\n@media(max-width:900px){.rsp .gal{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}\n@media(max-width:640px){.rsp .wrp{padding:34px 20px 0}.rsp .gal{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\nbody.page-id-1985 .entry-title,body.page-id-1985 .ast-archive-description{display:none!important}body.page-id-1985 .site-content .ast-container{max-width:none!important;padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important}body.page-id-1985 .site-content{background:#f4f1ea}body.page-id-1985 .by-home-em{background:rgba(255,253,249,.94)!important;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #d8d0c0!important}body.page-id-1985 .by-home-em i::before{border-color:#6b6253!important}body.page-id-1985 .by-home-em i::after{background:#b5762c!important;border-color:#b5762c!important}body.page-id-1985 .by-home-nm{color:rgba(47,43,37,.52)!important}<\/style><div class=\"rsp\"><div class=\"wrp\"><p class=\"bc\"><a href=\"\/research\/\" data-k=\"bc\">Research<\/a><\/p><h1 data-k=\"t\">Research Papers<\/h1><p class=\"lead\" data-k=\"l\">The project\u2019s research questions in short notes: the evidence, the degree of certainty and what remains open.<\/p><div class=\"bod\"><p data-k=\"n1\"><b>Purpose.<\/b> This page shows, on six cases, how a research question is asked and what the evidence allows: each dossier gives the question, the evidence, the conclusion and what remains open. The step-by-step account is in the <a href=\"\/journal\/\">Journal<\/a>, the literature in the <a href=\"\/research\/bibliography\/\">Bibliography<\/a>, the method in <a href=\"\/research\/methods\/\">Methods and Debates<\/a>. These are the project\u2019s research notes, not peer-reviewed papers; the four degrees of certainty are explained in Methods and Debates.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"n2\">01. A camera bought later than the textbooks say<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"n3\">The date 1905, repeated in institutional chronologies, for the first Camera 300 film (the one with Ianaki\u2019s grandmother Despa at Avdela) conflicts with a glass negative in the State Archives in Bitola: Ianaki outside the Criterion Theatre in London, where <i>The Liars<\/i> ran from 13 April to 15 October 1907. If that was the trip on which he bought the camera, the film dates from 1907; the photograph proves a visit, not a purchase. The argument is set out in <a href=\"\/research\/methods\/\">Methods and Debates<\/a> (section 3) and in the <a href=\"\/journal\/#londra\">Journal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"n4\">02. 1911: the Romanian delegation and the film behind several titles<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"n5\">Films catalogued under different place names (Bitola, Gopesh, Resen) may be sequences of one visit by the Romanian delegation in 1911. Marian \u021au\u021bui shows that the Romanian edit, <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\/i>, joins them through Romanian intertitles, while other catalogues keep them apart. An event, a camera roll, an edited film, an archival unit and a DVD chapter are different things, even if they carry different titles for almost the same images. The 1911 delegation is not the military delegation of 1909 (Colmar von der Goltz) nor the sultan Mehmed V Re\u015fad\u2019s visit. What remains is a frame-by-frame comparison of all surviving versions.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"n6\">03. Ioannina before the film<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"n7\">From Romanian-language school records, the press and the bibliography of photography, Nikolaos Siokis reconstructed Ianaki\u2019s beginnings: the first studio in Ioannina, opened in 1898 (the literature gives two dates, 18 February and 29 March), Milton joining as partner a few months later, and Ianaki teaching drawing and calligraphy at a Romanian school. Greek newspapers of the time sometimes describe the brothers with hostility, which makes them a useful source on their public role but not a neutral biography. The Ioannina years are the formation of a complete photographic practice, not a preparation for cinema. The studio\u2019s address, the number of surviving plates and the identity of the sitters remain open.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"n8\">04. Mustafa Kemal in the archive: an identification shown<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"n9\">Two images long read as Mustafa Kemal at military school were re-examined; physiognomy and context point to another person, identified by the project as \u0130smail Enver, later Enver Pasha. In the plates of the 1909 visit linked to Colmar von der Goltz, the project recognises a young officer as Mustafa Kemal in two frames. The identification was tested by an independent forensic physiognomy examination by Aurelian B\u0103dulescu, which confirms it. An inherited archive label stays a hypothesis until it is checked; here the old label is kept next to the new one. Still to be published: the whole photographic sequence, the negatives\u2019 identifiers and the written expert report. See the <a href=\"\/journal\/#bitola-1909\">Journal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"n10\">05. The photograph, the village and the chance to correct<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"n11\">A panorama catalogued as Plovdiv was relocated to Sliven by comparison with the relief and the surviving buildings. At Laista, the buildings visible and absent in the early panorama helped villagers fix 1898. At Plovdiv, the framed portraits behind Ianaki were matched with surviving portraits and studio signatures. None of these matches was automatic: they took visits, local history and physical comparison. Comparative photography then becomes a method of verification: a wrong caption gives way before the ground, while local memory must itself be attributed and corroborated. A different lens, height or framing can spoil a match, so verified fixed points are kept apart from approximate correspondences. See the <a href=\"\/journal\/#laista\">Journal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"n12\">06. A Balkan archive in several histories<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"n13\">The brothers were born at Avdela in the Ottoman Balkans and worked in places that have since passed through changing regimes and borders. After their deaths, several states and cultural traditions claimed the images, and the question of whose pioneers they were became more visible than many questions about the images themselves. The debate is documented in different national idioms (Stardelov, Christodoulou, \u021au\u021bui, \u00d6zen, and more recently Grgi\u0107, Mademli, Gu\u0161tin and Siokis). A state may legitimately protect the material in its institutions; that does not make the images the property of a single narrative. \u201cOttoman\u201d, \u201cAromanian\u201d, \u201cRomanian-educated\u201d, \u201cGreek\u201d, \u201cMacedonian\u201d, \u201cAlbanian\u201d and \u201cTurkish\u201d describe layers that do not exclude one another. The project shows them side by side and does not trade one national monopoly for another.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"n14\"><i>Corrections, new images with documented provenance and bibliographic additions are welcome, including those that challenge the interpretations here. The notes were written in October 2026 and have not been peer-reviewed.<\/i><\/p><\/div><div class=\"rnav\"><a href=\"\/research\/rephotography\/\" data-k=\"nvrephotography\">Rephotography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/aromanians\/\" data-k=\"nvaromanians\">The Aromanians<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/field-method\/\" data-k=\"nvfield-method\">Field Method<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/how-to-cite\/\" data-k=\"nvhow-to-cite\">How to Cite<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/gazetteer\/\" data-k=\"nvgazetteer\">Gazetteer<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/film-chronology\/\" data-k=\"nvfilm-chronology\">Film Chronology<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/bibliography\/\" data-k=\"nvbibliography\">Bibliography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/archives\/\" data-k=\"nvarchives\">Archival Sources<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <b>Research Papers<\/b> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/methods\/\" data-k=\"nvmethods\">Methods &amp; Debates<\/a><\/div><a href=\"\/research\/rephotography\/\" data-k=\"nvrephotography\">Rephotography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/aromanians\/\" data-k=\"nvaromanians\">The Aromanians<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/field-method\/\" data-k=\"nvfield-method\">Field Method<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/how-to-cite\/\" data-k=\"nvhow-to-cite\">How to Cite<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/gazetteer\/\" data-k=\"nvgazetteer\">Gazetteer<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/film-chronology\/\" data-k=\"nvfilm-chronology\">Film Chronology<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/bibliography\/\" data-k=\"nvbibliography\">Bibliography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/archives\/\" data-k=\"nvarchives\">Archival Sources<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <b data-k=\"nvpapers\">Research Papers<\/b> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/methods\/\" data-k=\"nvmethods\">Methods &amp; Debates<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<script id=\"rsI18N\" type=\"application\/json\">{\"ro\":{\"t\":\"Studii\",\"bc\":\"Cercetare\",\"l\":\"\u00centreb\u0103rile de cercetare ale proiectului, \u00een note scurte: dovezile, gradul de certitudine \u0219i ce r\u0103m\u00e2ne deschis.\",\"n1\":\"<b>Scopul paginii.<\\\/b> Arat\u0103, pe \u0219ase cazuri, cum se pune o \u00eentrebare de cercetare \u0219i ce permit dovezile: fiecare dosar d\u0103 \u00eentrebarea, dovezile, concluzia \u0219i ce r\u0103m\u00e2ne deschis. Povestirea pas cu pas e \u00een <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">Jurnal<\\\/a>, literatura \u00een <a href=\\\"\/research\/bibliography\/\\\">Bibliografie<\\\/a>, metoda \u00een <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">Metode \u0219i dezbateri<\\\/a>. Sunt note de cercetare ale proiectului, nu lucr\u0103ri evaluate de speciali\u0219ti; cele patru grade de certitudine sunt explicate \u00een Metode \u0219i dezbateri.\",\"n2\":\"01. Un aparat cump\u0103rat mai t\u00e2rziu dec\u00e2t spun manualele\",\"n3\":\"Data de 1905, repetat\u0103 \u00een cronologiile institu\u021bionale, pentru primul film cu Camera 300 (cel cu bunica lui Ianaki, Despa, la Avdela) intr\u0103 \u00een conflict cu un negativ de sticl\u0103 din Arhivele Statului de la Bitola: Ianaki \u00een fa\u021ba teatrului Criterion din Londra, unde <i>The Liars<\\\/i> s-a jucat \u00eentre 13 aprilie \u0219i 15 octombrie 1907. Dac\u0103 acela a fost drumul \u00een care a cump\u0103rat aparatul, filmul dateaz\u0103 din 1907; fotografia dovede\u0219te o vizit\u0103, nu o cump\u0103rare. Argumentul e expus \u00een <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">Metode \u0219i dezbateri<\\\/a> (sec\u021biunea 3) \u0219i \u00een <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#londra\\\">Jurnal<\\\/a>.\",\"n4\":\"02. 1911: delega\u021bia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u0219i filmul din spatele mai multor titluri\",\"n5\":\"Filme catalogate sub nume de locuri diferite (Bitola, Gope\u0219, Resen) pot fi secven\u021be din aceea\u0219i vizit\u0103 a delega\u021biei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti din 1911. Marian \u021au\u021bui arat\u0103 c\u0103 montajul rom\u00e2nesc, <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\\\/i>, le leag\u0103 prin intertitluri rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, pe c\u00e2nd alte cataloage le \u021bin separat. Un eveniment, o rol\u0103 de camer\u0103, un film montat, o unitate de arhiv\u0103 \u0219i un capitol de DVD sunt lucruri diferite, chiar dac\u0103 poart\u0103 titluri diferite pentru aproape acelea\u0219i imagini. Delega\u021bia din 1911 nu e delega\u021bia militar\u0103 din 1909 (Colmar von der Goltz) \u0219i nici vizita sultanului Mehmed V Re\u015fad. R\u0103m\u00e2ne de f\u0103cut compararea cadru cu cadru a tuturor versiunilor p\u0103strate.\",\"n6\":\"03. Ioannina \u00eenainte de film\",\"n7\":\"Din documente \u0219colare \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, din pres\u0103 \u0219i din bibliografia fotografiei, Nikolaos Siokis a reconstituit \u00eenceputurile lui Ianaki: primul atelier din Ioannina, deschis \u00een 1898 (literatura d\u0103 dou\u0103 date, 18 februarie \u0219i 29 martie), Milton asociat dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva luni \u0219i Ianaki profesor de desen \u0219i caligrafie la o \u0219coal\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Ziarele grece\u0219ti ale vremii \u00eei descriu uneori cu ostilitate, ceea ce le face utile ca surs\u0103 despre rolul lor public, dar nu ca biografie neutr\u0103. Anii de la Ioannina sunt formarea unei practici fotografice complete, nu o preg\u0103tire pentru cinematograf. R\u0103m\u00e2n deschise adresa atelierului, num\u0103rul pl\u0103cilor p\u0103strate \u0219i identitatea persoanelor fotografiate.\",\"n8\":\"04. Mustafa Kemal \u00een arhiv\u0103: o identificare demonstrat\u0103\",\"n9\":\"Dou\u0103 imagini citite de mult ca Mustafa Kemal elev la \u0219coala militar\u0103 au fost reexaminate; fizionomia \u0219i contextul indic\u0103 o alt\u0103 persoan\u0103, identificat\u0103 de proiect drept \u0130smail Enver, mai t\u00e2rziu Enver Pa\u0219a. \u00cen pl\u0103cile vizitei din 1909 legate de Colmar von der Goltz, proiectul recunoa\u0219te \u00een dou\u0103 cadre un t\u00e2n\u0103r ofi\u021ber, Mustafa Kemal. Identificarea a fost verificat\u0103 printr-o expertiz\u0103 independent\u0103 de fizionomie criminalistic\u0103, a lui Aurelian B\u0103dulescu, care o confirm\u0103. O etichet\u0103 mo\u0219tenit\u0103 din arhiv\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne ipotez\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd e verificat\u0103; aici eticheta veche se p\u0103streaz\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 cea nou\u0103. R\u0103m\u00e2n de publicat toat\u0103 succesiunea fotografic\u0103, identificatorii negativelor \u0219i raportul de expertiz\u0103 scris. Vezi <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#bitola-1909\\\">Jurnalul<\\\/a>.\",\"n10\":\"05. Fotografia, satul \u0219i posibilitatea corect\u0103rii\",\"n11\":\"O panoram\u0103 catalogat\u0103 Plovdiv a fost relocat\u0103 la Sliven prin compararea cu relieful \u0219i cu cl\u0103dirile p\u0103strate. La Laista, cl\u0103dirile vizibile \u0219i cele absente din panorama timpurie au ajutat s\u0103tenii s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 1898. La Plovdiv, portretele \u00eencadrate din spatele lui Ianaki au fost potrivite cu portrete p\u0103strate \u0219i cu semn\u0103turi de atelier. Niciuna dintre aceste potriviri nu a fost automat\u0103: au cerut vizite, istorie local\u0103 \u0219i comparare fizic\u0103. Fotografia comparativ\u0103 devine astfel o metod\u0103 de verificare: o legend\u0103 gre\u0219it\u0103 cedeaz\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba terenului, iar memoria local\u0103 trebuie \u0219i ea atribuit\u0103 \u0219i coroborat\u0103. Un alt obiectiv, o alt\u0103 \u00een\u0103l\u021bime sau un alt cadraj pot strica potrivirea, de aceea punctele fixe verificate se deosebesc de coresponden\u021bele aproximative. Vezi <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#laista\\\">Jurnalul<\\\/a>.\",\"n12\":\"06. O arhiv\u0103 balcanic\u0103 \u00een mai multe istorii\",\"n13\":\"Fra\u021bii s-au n\u0103scut la Avdela, \u00een Balcanii otomani, \u0219i au lucrat \u00een locuri care au trecut \u00eentre timp prin regimuri \u0219i grani\u021be schimbate. Dup\u0103 moartea lor, imaginile au fost revendicate de mai multe state \u0219i tradi\u021bii culturale, iar \u00eentrebarea cui \u00eei apar\u021bin ca pionieri a devenit mai vizibil\u0103 dec\u00e2t multe \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre imaginile \u00eense\u0219i. Dezbaterea e documentat\u0103 \u00een idiomuri na\u021bionale diferite (Stardelov, Christodoulou, \u021au\u021bui, \u00d6zen \u0219i, mai recent, Grgi\u0107, Mademli, Gu\u0161tin \u0219i Siokis). Un stat poate proteja legitim materialul din institu\u021biile sale; asta nu face imaginile proprietatea unei singure nara\u021biuni. \u201eOtoman\u201d, \u201earom\u00e2n\u201d, \u201eeducat \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103\u201d, \u201egrec\u201d, \u201emacedonean\u201d, \u201ealbanez\u201d \u0219i \u201eturc\u201d descriu straturi care nu se exclud. Proiectul le arat\u0103 al\u0103turi, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 schimbe un monopol na\u021bional cu altul.\",\"n14\":\"<i>Corecturile, imaginile noi cu provenien\u021b\u0103 dovedit\u0103 \u0219i complet\u0103rile bibliografice sunt binevenite, inclusiv cele care contest\u0103 interpret\u0103rile de aici. Notele au fost redactate \u00een octombrie 2026 \u0219i nu au trecut prin evaluare academic\u0103.<\\\/i>\",\"nvrephotography\":\"Refotografiere\",\"nvaromanians\":\"Arom\u00e2nii\",\"nvfield-method\":\"Metoda de teren\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"Cum se citeaz\u0103\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"Repertoriu toponimic\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"Cronologia filmelor\",\"nvbibliography\":\"Bibliografie\",\"nvarchives\":\"Surse de arhiv\u0103\",\"nvmethods\":\"Metode \u0219i dezbateri\",\"nvpapers\":\"Studii\"},\"bg\":{\"bc\":\"\u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\",\"t\":\"\u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\",\"l\":\"\u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0438: \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e.\",\"n1\":\"<b>\u0426\u0435\u043b.<\\\/b> \u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u0432 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\\\/a>, \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 <a href=\\\"\/research\/bibliography\/\\\">\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430<\\\/a>, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u0432 <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438<\\\/a>. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438; \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u201e\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438\u201c.\",\"n2\":\"01. \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"n3\":\"\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 1905, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 300 (\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u0414\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0430, \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430), \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0414\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f: \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u201eCriterion\u201c \u0432 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e <i>The Liars<\\\/i> \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435 \u043e\u0442 13 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043e 15 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1907 \u0433. \u0410\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u043e\u0442 1907 \u0433.; \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430. \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432 <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438<\\\/a> (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b 3) \u0438 \u0432 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#londra\\\">\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\\\/a>.\",\"n4\":\"02. 1911: \u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f\",\"n5\":\"\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 (\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u0413\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0448, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d), \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1911 \u0433. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d \u0426\u0443\u0446\u0443\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436, <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\\\/i>, \u0433\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0433\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 DVD \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0449\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438. \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 1911 \u0433. \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 1909 \u0433. (\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u0444\u043e\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0446), \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0435\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434 V \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0434. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438.\",\"n6\":\"03. \u042f\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u0430\",\"n7\":\"\u041f\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a, \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043e\u0441 \u0421\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438: \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u042f\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1898 \u0433. (\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438, 18 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0438 29 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442), \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0438 \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435. \u0413\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 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\u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0438\u0436\u0442\u0435 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#laista\\\">\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\\\/a>.\",\"n12\":\"06. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\",\"n13\":\"\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438 (\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0443, \u0426\u0443\u0446\u0443\u0439, \u0419\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0413\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447, \u041c\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u0413\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441). \u0415\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438; \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d-\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0437. \u201e\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u0430\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u0441 \u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201c, \u201e\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u0438 \u201e\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433.\",\"n14\":\"<i>\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u044a\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u043a. \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 2026 \u0433. \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438.<\\\/i>\",\"nvrephotography\":\"\u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\",\"nvaromanians\":\"\u0410\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvfield-method\":\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvbibliography\":\"\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\",\"nvarchives\":\"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\",\"nvmethods\":\"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438\",\"nvpapers\":\"\u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\"},\"tr\":{\"bc\":\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\",\"t\":\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131lar\u0131\",\"l\":\"Projenin ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorular\u0131 k\u0131sa notlarda: kan\u0131tlar, kesinlik derecesi ve a\u00e7\u0131k kalanlar.\",\"n1\":\"<b>Ama\u00e7.<\\\/b> Bu sayfa alt\u0131 vaka \u00fczerinden bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusunun nas\u0131l soruldu\u011funu ve kan\u0131t\u0131n neye izin verdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir: her dosya soruyu, kan\u0131t\u0131, sonucu ve a\u00e7\u0131k kalan\u0131 verir. Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlat\u0131m <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck<\\\/a>\u2019te, literat\u00fcr <a href=\\\"\/research\/bibliography\/\\\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\\\/a>\u2019da, y\u00f6ntem <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">Y\u00f6ntemler ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\\\/a> sayfas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlar projenin ara\u015ft\u0131rma notlar\u0131d\u0131r, hakemli makaleler de\u011fildir; d\u00f6rt kesinlik derecesi Y\u00f6ntemler ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar sayfas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r.\",\"n2\":\"01. Ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011finden daha ge\u00e7 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir kamera\",\"n3\":\"Kurumsal kronolojilerde tekrarlanan 1905 tarihi, Camera 300 ile \u00e7ekilen ilk film i\u00e7in (Yanaki\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fckannesi Despa\u2019n\u0131n Avdella\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc film), Manast\u0131r\u2019daki (Bitola) Devlet Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde bulunan bir cam negatifle \u00e7eli\u015fir: Yanaki, Londra\u2019da Criterion Tiyatrosu\u2019nun \u00f6n\u00fcnde; tiyatroda <i>The Liars<\\\/i> 13 Nisan\u201315 Ekim 1907 aras\u0131nda oynan\u0131yordu. Kameray\u0131 bu yolculukta ald\u0131ysa film 1907 tarihlidir; foto\u011fraf bir sat\u0131n almay\u0131 de\u011fil, bir ziyareti kan\u0131tlar. Arg\u00fcman <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">Y\u00f6ntemler ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\\\/a> sayfas\u0131nda (3. b\u00f6l\u00fcm) ve <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#londra\\\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck<\\\/a>\u2019te ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131r.\",\"n4\":\"02. 1911: Rumen heyeti ve birka\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki film\",\"n5\":\"Farkl\u0131 yer adlar\u0131yla (Bitola, Gopesh, Resen) kataloglanan filmler, Rumen heyetinin 1911\u2019deki tek bir ziyaretinin sekanslar\u0131 olabilir. Marian \u021au\u021bui, Rumen kurgusu <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\\\/i>\u2019n\u0131n bunlar\u0131 Rumence ara yaz\u0131larla birle\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir; ba\u015fka kataloglar ise onlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 tutar. Bir olay, bir kamera makaras\u0131, kurgulanm\u0131\u015f bir film, bir ar\u015fiv birimi ve bir DVD b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, neredeyse ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131salar da ayr\u0131 \u015feylerdir. 1911 heyeti ne 1909\u2019daki asker\u00ee heyettir (Colmar von der Goltz) ne de Sultan V. Mehmed Re\u015fad\u2019\u0131n ziyareti. Geriye kalan i\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan t\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin kare kare kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.\",\"n6\":\"03. Filmden \u00f6nce Yanya\",\"n7\":\"Nikolaos Siokis, Rumence okul kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan, bas\u0131ndan ve foto\u011fraf kaynak\u00e7as\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Yanaki\u2019nin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurdu: Yanya\u2019da (Ioannina) 1898\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk st\u00fcdyo (literat\u00fcrde iki tarih ge\u00e7er: 18 \u015eubat ve 29 Mart), birka\u00e7 ay sonra ortak olarak kat\u0131lan Milton ve Yanaki\u2019nin bir Rumen okulunda resim ve hat dersleri vermesi. D\u00f6nemin Yunan gazeteleri karde\u015fleri zaman zaman d\u00fc\u015fmanca anlat\u0131r; bu da onlar\u0131 karde\u015flerin kamusal rol\u00fc i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 bir kaynak yapar, ama tarafs\u0131z bir biyografi yapmaz. Yanya y\u0131llar\u0131 sinemaya bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k de\u011fil, eksiksiz bir foto\u011fraf prati\u011finin olu\u015fumudur. St\u00fcdyonun adresi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan plakalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve poz verenlerin kimli\u011fi h\u00e2l\u00e2 a\u00e7\u0131k sorulard\u0131r.\",\"n8\":\"04. Ar\u015fivde Mustafa Kemal: g\u00f6sterilen bir te\u015fhis\",\"n9\":\"Uzun s\u00fcre asker\u00ee okulda Mustafa Kemal olarak okunan iki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc yeniden incelendi; y\u00fcz \u00f6zellikleri ve ba\u011flam ba\u015fka bir ki\u015fiye i\u015faret ediyor. Proje bu ki\u015fiyi \u0130smail Enver, sonraki ad\u0131yla Enver Pa\u015fa olarak te\u015fhis ediyor. Colmar von der Goltz ile ili\u015fkilendirilen 1909 ziyaretinin plakalar\u0131nda ise proje gen\u00e7 bir subay\u0131 iki karede Mustafa Kemal olarak tan\u0131yor. Te\u015fhis, Aurelian B\u0103dulescu\u2019nun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir adli fizyonomi incelemesiyle s\u0131nand\u0131 ve do\u011fruland\u0131. Devral\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir ar\u015fiv etiketi denetlenene kadar bir varsay\u0131m olarak kal\u0131r; burada eski etiket yenisinin yan\u0131nda korunuyor. Hen\u00fcz yay\u0131mlanmayanlar: foto\u011fraf sekans\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131, negatiflerin tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 uzman raporu. Bkz. <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#bitola-1909\\\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck<\\\/a>.\",\"n10\":\"05. Foto\u011fraf, k\u00f6y ve d\u00fczeltme imk\u00e2n\u0131\",\"n11\":\"Plovdiv olarak kataloglanm\u0131\u015f bir panorama, arazi ve ayakta kalan yap\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak Sliven\u2019e yerle\u015ftirildi. Laista\u2019da erken tarihli panoramada g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen binalar, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin 1898 tarihini belirlemesine yard\u0131m etti. Plovdiv\u2019de Yanaki\u2019nin arkas\u0131ndaki \u00e7er\u00e7eveli portreler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan portreler ve st\u00fcdyo imzalar\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirildi. Bu e\u015fle\u015fmelerin hi\u00e7biri kendili\u011finden olmad\u0131: ziyaretler, yerel tarih ve fiziksel kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma gerektirdi. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 foto\u011fraf b\u00f6ylece bir do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr: yanl\u0131\u015f bir alt yaz\u0131 arazinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geri \u00e7ekilir, ama yerel belle\u011fin de kendisi kaynakland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve desteklenmelidir. Farkl\u0131 bir objektif, y\u00fckseklik ya da kadraj bir e\u015fle\u015fmeyi bozabilir; bu y\u00fczden do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f sabit noktalar yakla\u015f\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klardan ayr\u0131 tutulur. Bkz. <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#laista\\\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck<\\\/a>.\",\"n12\":\"06. Birka\u00e7 tarihte bir Balkan ar\u015fivi\",\"n13\":\"Karde\u015fler Osmanl\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131nda, Avdella\u2019da do\u011fdular ve o zamandan beri de\u011fi\u015fen rejimlerden ve s\u0131n\u0131rlardan ge\u00e7mi\u015f yerlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u00d6l\u00fcmlerinden sonra birka\u00e7 devlet ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gelenek bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri sahiplendi; kimin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri olduklar\u0131 sorusu, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin kendisine dair pek \u00e7ok sorudan daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le geldi. Tart\u0131\u015fma farkl\u0131 ulusal dillerde belgelenmi\u015ftir (Stardelov, Christodoulou, \u021au\u021bui, \u00d6zen ve daha yak\u0131n tarihte Grgi\u0107, Mademli, Gu\u0161tin ve Siokis). Bir devlet kendi kurumlar\u0131ndaki malzemeyi me\u015fru olarak koruyabilir; bu, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri tek bir anlat\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131 yapmaz. \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u201d, \u201cAroman\u201d, \u201cRumen e\u011fitimli\u201d, \u201cYunan\u201d, \u201cMakedon\u201d, \u201cArnavut\u201d ve \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d birbirini d\u0131\u015flamayan katmanlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. Proje bunlar\u0131 yan yana g\u00f6sterir ve bir ulusal tekeli bir ba\u015fkas\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.\",\"n14\":\"<i>D\u00fczeltmeler, men\u015fei belgelenmi\u015f yeni g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ve kaynak\u00e7a eklemeleri memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r; buradaki yorumlara itiraz edenler de. Notlar Ekim 2026\u2019da yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve hakem de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir.<\\\/i>\",\"nvrephotography\":\"Yeniden foto\u011fraflama\",\"nvaromanians\":\"Aromanlar\",\"nvfield-method\":\"Saha y\u00f6ntemi\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"Nas\u0131l at\u0131f yap\u0131l\u0131r\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"Yer adlar\u0131 dizini\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"Film kronolojisi\",\"nvbibliography\":\"Kaynak\u00e7a\",\"nvarchives\":\"Ar\u015fiv kaynaklar\u0131\",\"nvmethods\":\"Y\u00f6ntemler ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\",\"nvpapers\":\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131lar\u0131\"},\"mk\":{\"bc\":\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435\",\"t\":\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\",\"l\":\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438: \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e.\",\"n1\":\"<b>\u0426\u0435\u043b.<\\\/b> \u041d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u043e\u0432\u0430\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0438 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435: \u0441\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0443\u0447\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e. \u0427\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440-\u043f\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442 \u0435 \u0432\u043e <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442<\\\/a>, \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e <a href=\\\"\/research\/bibliography\/\\\">\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0430<\\\/a>, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438<\\\/a>. \u041e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0442, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438; \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0458\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438.\",\"n2\":\"01. \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0446\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"n3\":\"\u0413\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 1905, \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e Camera 300 (\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u0441\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0408\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u0414\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0430, \u0432\u043e \u0410\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430), \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0414\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430: \u0408\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0442 Criterion \u0432\u043e \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e <i>The Liars<\\\/i> \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434 13 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043e 15 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1907. \u0410\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0458\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0442 \u0435 \u043e\u0434 1907 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430; \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435. \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438<\\\/a> (\u0434\u0435\u043b 3) \u0438 \u0432\u043e <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#londra\\\">\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442<\\\/a>.\",\"n4\":\"02. 1911: \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\",\"n5\":\"\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0438\u045a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 (\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u0413\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0448, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0434 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0432\u043e 1911 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043d \u0426\u0443\u0446\u0443\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430, <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\\\/i>, \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0433\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0458\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 DVD \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0442 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\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0458\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438. \u0412\u043e \u041b\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0458\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0442 1898 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0412\u043e \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432, \u0432\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0408\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430. \u041d\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0453\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0458\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435: \u0431\u0435\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442, \u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u045c\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0434\u0438. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043e\u0431\u0458\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0453\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#laista\\\">\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442<\\\/a>.\",\"n12\":\"06. \u0415\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u045c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\",\"n13\":\"\u0411\u0440\u0430\u045c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0410\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0440\u0442, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u045c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0438 (\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0443, \u0426\u0443\u0446\u0443\u0438, \u041e\u0437\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0413\u0440\u0433\u0438\u045c, \u041c\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u0413\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441). \u0415\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438; \u0442\u043e\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432. \u201e\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u0441\u043e \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201c, \u201e\u0433\u0440\u0447\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c, \u201e\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u0438 \u201e\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b \u0441\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433.\",\"n14\":\"<i>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0458\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0432\u0434\u0435. \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438.<\\\/i>\",\"nvrephotography\":\"\u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435\",\"nvaromanians\":\"\u0410\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvfield-method\":\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvbibliography\":\"\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430\",\"nvarchives\":\"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\",\"nvpapers\":\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\",\"nvmethods\":\"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\"},\"sq\":{\"bc\":\"K\u00ebrkimi\",\"t\":\"Studime k\u00ebrkimore\",\"l\":\"Pyetjet k\u00ebrkimore t\u00eb projektit n\u00eb sh\u00ebnime t\u00eb shkurtra: provat, shkalla e siguris\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb mbetet e hapur.\",\"n1\":\"<b>Q\u00ebllimi.<\\\/b> Kjo faqe tregon, mbi gjasht\u00eb raste, si shtrohet nj\u00eb pyetje k\u00ebrkimore dhe \u00e7far\u00eb lejojn\u00eb provat: \u00e7do dosje jep pyetjen, provat, p\u00ebrfundimin dhe \u00e7far\u00eb mbetet e hapur. Rr\u00ebfimi hap pas hapi gjendet n\u00eb <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">Ditar<\\\/a>, literatura n\u00eb <a href=\\\"\/research\/bibliography\/\\\">Bibliografi<\\\/a>, metoda te <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">Metoda dhe debate<\\\/a>. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnimet k\u00ebrkimore t\u00eb projektit, jo artikuj t\u00eb recensuar; kat\u00ebr shkall\u00ebt e siguris\u00eb shpjegohen te Metoda dhe debate.\",\"n2\":\"01. Nj\u00eb kamer\u00eb e bler\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb nga \u00e7'thon\u00eb tekstet\",\"n3\":\"Data 1905, e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur n\u00eb kronologjit\u00eb institucionale p\u00ebr filmin e par\u00eb me kamer\u00ebn 300 (ai me gjyshen e Ianakit, Desp\u00ebn, n\u00eb Avdela), bie ndesh me nj\u00eb negativ xhami n\u00eb Arkivin Shtet\u00ebror n\u00eb Manastir: Ianaki para Criterion Theatre n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, ku <i>The Liars<\\\/i> u shfaq nga 13 prilli deri m\u00eb 15 tetor 1907. N\u00ebse ai ishte udh\u00ebtimi gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilit bleu kamer\u00ebn, filmi \u00ebsht\u00eb i vitit 1907; fotografia provon nj\u00eb vizit\u00eb, jo nj\u00eb blerje. Argumenti paraqitet te <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">Metoda dhe debate<\\\/a> (seksioni 3) dhe n\u00eb <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#londra\\\">Ditar<\\\/a>.\",\"n4\":\"02. 1911: delegacioni rumun dhe filmi pas disa titujve\",\"n5\":\"Filma t\u00eb katalogizuar me emra t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm vendesh (Bitola, Gopesh, Resen) mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb sekuenca t\u00eb nj\u00eb vizite t\u00eb vetme t\u00eb delegacionit rumun n\u00eb vitin 1911. Marian \u021au\u021bui tregon se montazhi rumun, <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\\\/i>, i bashkon ato me nd\u00ebrtituj n\u00eb rumanisht, nd\u00ebrsa katalog\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb i mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb ndara. Nj\u00eb ngjarje, nj\u00eb rrotull filmi, nj\u00eb film i montuar, nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi arkivore dhe nj\u00eb kapitull DVD-je jan\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme, edhe kur mbajn\u00eb tituj t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pothuajse t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat imazhe. Delegacioni i vitit 1911 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb delegacioni ushtarak i vitit 1909 (Colmar von der Goltz), as vizita e sulltan Mehmetit V Reshad. Mbetet p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb krahasim kuad\u00ebr pas kuadri i t\u00eb gjitha versioneve t\u00eb mbijetuara.\",\"n6\":\"03. Janina para filmit\",\"n7\":\"Nga regjistrat e shkollave n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn rumune, nga shtypi dhe nga bibliografia e fotografis\u00eb, Nikolaos Siokis rind\u00ebrtoi fillimet e Ianakit: studioja e par\u00eb n\u00eb Janin\u00eb, e hapur m\u00eb 1898 (literatura jep dy data, 18 shkurtin dhe 29 marsin), Miltoni q\u00eb iu bashkua si ortak disa muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, dhe Ianaki q\u00eb jepte vizatim dhe kaligrafi n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb rumune. Gazetat greke t\u00eb koh\u00ebs i p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit me armiq\u00ebsi, gj\u00eb q\u00eb i b\u00ebn ato nj\u00eb burim t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr rolin e tyre publik, por jo nj\u00eb biografi asnjan\u00ebse. Vitet e Janin\u00ebs jan\u00eb formimi i nj\u00eb praktike t\u00eb plot\u00eb fotografike, jo nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje p\u00ebr kineman\u00eb. Adresa e studios, numri i pllakave t\u00eb mbijetuara dhe identiteti i personave t\u00eb fotografuar mbeten t\u00eb hapura.\",\"n8\":\"04. Mustafa Qemali n\u00eb arkiv: nj\u00eb identifikim i paraqitur\",\"n9\":\"Dy imazhe t\u00eb lexuara gjat\u00eb si Mustafa Qemali n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn ushtarake u rishqyrtuan; fizionomia dhe konteksti tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb person tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb identifikuar nga projekti si \u0130smail Enver, m\u00eb von\u00eb Enver Pasha. N\u00eb pllakat e vizit\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 1909 t\u00eb lidhur me Colmar von der Goltz, projekti njeh n\u00eb dy kuadro nj\u00eb oficer t\u00eb ri si Mustafa Qemalin. Identifikimi u verifikua me nj\u00eb ekspertiz\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur fizionomike mjekoligjore nga Aurelian B\u0103dulescu, e cila e konfirmon. Nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb arkivore e trash\u00ebguar mbetet hipotez\u00eb derisa t\u00eb verifikohet; k\u00ebtu etiketa e vjet\u00ebr ruhet pran\u00eb s\u00eb res\u00eb. Mbeten p\u00ebr t'u botuar: e gjith\u00eb sekuenca fotografike, identifikuesit e negativ\u00ebve dhe raporti i shkruar i ekspertit. Shihni <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#bitola-1909\\\">Ditarin<\\\/a>.\",\"n10\":\"05. Fotografia, fshati dhe mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb korrigjuar\",\"n11\":\"Nj\u00eb panoram\u00eb e katalogizuar si Plovdiv u rivendos n\u00eb Sliven p\u00ebrmes krahasimit me relievin dhe nd\u00ebrtesat e mbijetuara. N\u00eb Laista, nd\u00ebrtesat e dukshme dhe ato q\u00eb mungonin n\u00eb panoram\u00ebn e hershme i ndihmuan fshatar\u00ebt t\u00eb caktonin vitin 1898. N\u00eb Plovdiv, portretet n\u00eb korniza pas Ianakit u p\u00ebrputh\u00ebn me portrete t\u00eb mbijetuara dhe me firma studiosh. Asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto p\u00ebrputhje nuk ishte automatike: k\u00ebrkuan vizita, histori vendore dhe krahasim fizik. Fotografia krahasuese b\u00ebhet k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb metod\u00eb verifikimi: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim i gabuar i l\u00eb vendin terrenit, nd\u00ebrsa kujtesa vendore duhet edhe ajo t'i atribuohet dikujt dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetohet. Nj\u00eb objektiv, nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi ose nj\u00eb kuadrim tjet\u00ebr mund ta prish\u00eb p\u00ebrputhjen, prandaj pikat fikse t\u00eb verifikuara mbahen t\u00eb ndara nga korrespondencat e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrta. Shihni <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#laista\\\">Ditarin<\\\/a>.\",\"n12\":\"06. Nj\u00eb arkiv ballkanik n\u00eb disa histori\",\"n13\":\"V\u00ebllez\u00ebrit lind\u00ebn n\u00eb Avdela, n\u00eb Ballkanin osman, dhe punuan n\u00eb vende q\u00eb q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr regjime dhe kufij t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb tyre, disa shtete dhe tradita kulturore i konsideruan imazhet si pjes\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre, dhe pyetja se pionier\u00ebt e kujt ishin ata u b\u00eb m\u00eb e dukshme se shum\u00eb pyetje p\u00ebr vet\u00eb imazhet. Debati \u00ebsht\u00eb i dokumentuar n\u00eb idioma t\u00eb ndryshme komb\u00ebtare (Stardelov, Christodoulou, \u021au\u021bui, \u00d6zen, dhe m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi Grgi\u0107, Mademli, Gu\u0161tin dhe Siokis). Nj\u00eb shtet mund ta mbroj\u00eb ligj\u00ebrisht materialin n\u00eb institucionet e veta; kjo nuk i b\u00ebn imazhet pron\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfimi t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. \u201eOsman\u201c, \u201earumun\u201c, \u201ei shkolluar n\u00eb rumanisht\u201c, \u201egrek\u201c, \u201emaqedonas\u201c, \u201eshqiptar\u201c dhe \u201eturk\u201c p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb shtresa q\u00eb nuk e p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Projekti i paraqet krah p\u00ebr krah dhe nuk e z\u00ebvend\u00ebson nj\u00eb monopol komb\u00ebtar me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.\",\"n14\":\"<i>Korrigjimet, imazhet e reja me prejardhje t\u00eb dokumentuar dhe shtesat bibliografike jan\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebpritura, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato q\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb diskutim interpretimet e dh\u00ebna k\u00ebtu. Sh\u00ebnimet u shkruan n\u00eb tetor 2026 dhe nuk jan\u00eb recensuar.<\\\/i>\",\"nvrephotography\":\"Rifotografimi\",\"nvaromanians\":\"Arumun\u00ebt\",\"nvfield-method\":\"Metoda n\u00eb terren\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"Regjistri i toponimeve\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"Kronologjia e filmave\",\"nvbibliography\":\"Bibliografia\",\"nvarchives\":\"Burime arkivore\",\"nvpapers\":\"Studime k\u00ebrkimore\",\"nvmethods\":\"Metoda dhe debate\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"Si t\u00eb citohet\"},\"ka\":{\"bc\":\"\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\",\"t\":\"\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\",\"l\":\"\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8: \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"n1\":\"<b>\u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8.<\\\/b> \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0: \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0, \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef-\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef \u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0<\\\/a>, \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 <a href=\\\"\/research\/bibliography\/\\\">\u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\\\/a>, \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\\\/a>. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8; \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8.\",\"n2\":\"01. \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\",\"n3\":\"1905 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 Camera 300-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8), \u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1: \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, Criterion Theatre-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea <i>The Liars<\\\/i> 1907 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 13 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 15 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8 1907 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0; \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\\\/a> (\u10db\u10d4-3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#londra\\\">\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8<\\\/a>.\",\"n4\":\"02. 1911: \u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\",\"n5\":\"\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, \u10d2\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8) \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 1911 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ea\u10e3\u10ea\u10e3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d8, <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\\\/i>, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da-\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10ed\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 DVD-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. 1911 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea 1909 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d0 (\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10ea\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10f0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 V \u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8. \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0-\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"n6\":\"03. \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\",\"n7\":\"\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0: \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1898 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 (\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, 18 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 29 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1), \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc; \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"n8\":\"04. \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8: \u10dc\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\",\"n9\":\"\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 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\u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#bitola-1909\\\">\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\\\/a>.\",\"n10\":\"05. \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\",\"n11\":\"\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 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\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0: \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10db\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10db \u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#laista\\\">\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\\\/a>.\",\"n12\":\"06. \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\",\"n13\":\"\u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 (\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8, \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10e3, \u10ea\u10e3\u10ea\u10e3\u10d8, \u10dd\u10d6\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8). \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0; \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1. \u201e\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u201c, \u201e\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u201c, \u201e\u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u201c \u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1.\",\"n14\":\"<i>\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e5 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 2026 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1.<\\\/i>\",\"nvrephotography\":\"\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\",\"nvaromanians\":\"\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\",\"nvfield-method\":\"\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d7 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\",\"nvbibliography\":\"\u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\",\"nvarchives\":\"\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\",\"nvmethods\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\",\"nvpapers\":\"\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\"},\"el\":{\"bc\":\"\u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\",\"t\":\"\u0395\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\",\"l\":\"\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03cc.\",\"n1\":\"<b>\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2.<\\\/b> \u0397 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03be\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1: \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03cc. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">\u0397\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf<\\\/a>, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 <a href=\\\"\/research\/bibliography\/\\\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\\\/a>, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\\\/a>. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.\",\"n2\":\"01. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u2019 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\",\"n3\":\"\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 1905, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Camera 300 (\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03ad\u03c3\u03c0\u03c9, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b2\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1), \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1: \u03bf \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf Criterion \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf <i>The Liars<\\\/i> \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 13 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 15 \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1907. \u0391\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 1907\u00b7 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <a href=\\\"\/research\/methods\/\\\">\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\\\/a> (\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 3) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <a href=\\\"\/journal\/#londra\\\">\u0397\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf<\\\/a>.\",\"n4\":\"02. 1911: \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\",\"n5\":\"\u03a4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 (\u039c\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1, \u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2, \u03a1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1911. \u039f Marian \u021au\u021bui \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6, <i>Excursie \u00een Macedonia turceasc\u0103<\\\/i>, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd 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