{"id":1979,"date":"2026-10-26T08:43:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T08:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/research\/field-method\/"},"modified":"2026-10-27T05:53:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:53:18","slug":"field-method","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/beyondyesterday.org\/ro\/research\/field-method\/","title":{"rendered":"Metoda de teren"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n.rsp{--pa:#f4f1ea;--tx:#2f2b25;--dm:#776f63;--oc:#b5762c;--ru:#d8d0c0;\n background:var(--pa);color:var(--tx);font:400 17px\/1.7 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;\n margin:0;padding:0 0 70px;overflow-x:hidden}\n.rsp *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.rsp .wrp{max-width:860px;margin:0 auto;padding:44px 30px 0}\n.rsp .bc{margin:0 0 26px;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}\n.rsp .bc a{color:var(--dm);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ru);padding-bottom:1px}\n.rsp .bc a:hover{color:#4f483d}\n.rsp h1{margin:0 0 14px;font:400 clamp(30px,4.6vw,46px)\/1.12 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;color:#1f1c18;letter-spacing:-.015em}\n.rsp .lead{margin:0 0 36px;font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.66;color:#5c554a;max-width:60ch}\n.rsp h2{margin:46px 0 14px;font:400 25px\/1.25 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;color:#241f1a}\n.rsp h2 .yr{display:block;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--oc);margin-bottom:2px}\n.rsp h3{margin:30px 0 10px;font:600 18px\/1.3 \"Iowan Old Style\",Palatino,Georgia,serif;color:#33302a}\n.rsp p{margin:0 0 14px;max-width:68ch}\n.rsp p.place{margin:-8px 0 12px;color:#776f63;font-size:15.5px}\n.rsp p.bib{max-width:none;padding-left:1.7em;text-indent:-1.7em;font-size:15.8px;line-height:1.62;margin:0 0 11px}\n.rsp ul,.rsp ol{margin:0 0 16px;padding-left:1.25em;max-width:66ch}\n.rsp li{margin:0 0 7px}\n.rsp a{color:var(--oc);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(181,118,44,.42);padding-bottom:1px}\n.rsp a:hover{color:#8f5a1c}\n.rsp blockquote{margin:18px 0;padding:14px 20px;border-left:3px solid var(--oc);background:rgba(181,118,44,.06);max-width:62ch}\n.rsp blockquote p{margin:0;max-width:none}\n.rsp .tw{overflow-x:auto;margin:20px 0 24px}\n.rsp table{border-collapse:collapse;min-width:620px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5}\n.rsp th{text-align:left;padding:8px 16px 8px 0;border-bottom:2px solid var(--ru);font-weight:600;color:#33302a;vertical-align:bottom}\n.rsp td{vertical-align:top;padding:8px 16px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ru)}\n.rsp .gal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:18px;margin:26px 0 30px;max-width:none}\n.rsp .gal figure{margin:0}\n.rsp .gal img{width:100%;display:block;border-radius:2px}\n.rsp .gal figcaption{margin-top:6px;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:#776f63}\n.rsp .idx{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:8px 0 10px;max-width:none}\n.rsp .idx li{margin:0;padding:15px 0 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ru)}\n.rsp .idx a{font-size:20px;border-bottom:none}\n.rsp .idx .d{display:block;margin-top:3px;color:#776f63;font-size:15px;max-width:62ch}\n.rsp .dl{margin-top:40px;font-size:13px;color:#978e7f;max-width:none}\n.rsp .rnav{margin-top:52px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--ru);font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.9;color:#776f63;max-width:none}\n.rsp .rnav b{color:#4f483d;font-weight:600}\n.rsp .rnav a{border-bottom:none;white-space:nowrap}\n@media(max-width:900px){.rsp .gal{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}\n@media(max-width:640px){.rsp .wrp{padding:34px 20px 0}.rsp .gal{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\nbody.page-id-1979 .entry-title,body.page-id-1979 .ast-archive-description{display:none!important}body.page-id-1979 .site-content .ast-container{max-width:none!important;padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important}body.page-id-1979 .site-content{background:#f4f1ea}body.page-id-1979 .by-home-em{background:rgba(255,253,249,.94)!important;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #d8d0c0!important}body.page-id-1979 .by-home-em i::before{border-color:#6b6253!important}body.page-id-1979 .by-home-em i::after{background:#b5762c!important;border-color:#b5762c!important}body.page-id-1979 .by-home-nm{color:rgba(47,43,37,.52)!important}<\/style><div class=\"rsp\"><div class=\"wrp\"><p class=\"bc\"><a href=\"\/research\/\" data-k=\"bc\">Research<\/a><\/p><h1 data-k=\"t\">Field Method<\/h1><p class=\"lead\" data-k=\"l\">Where rephotography comes from, and how each new photograph is made: locating the view, testing the caption, reconstructing the camera station, recording the limits of the evidence.<\/p><div class=\"bod\"><h2 data-k=\"b3\">Returning to a historical image<\/h2><p data-k=\"b4\"><i>What remains in the frame, and what a second visit makes visible<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b5\">A photograph fixes a fraction of a second. It also fixes a place to stand. When the photographer leaves, the place goes on changing: a road moves, a house falls, a tree grows, a village loses its inhabitants or acquires new ones. Rephotography begins by returning with a camera and asking what the first photograph can still tell us.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b6\">The procedure sounds simple: locate the view, recover the photographer&#8217;s position as closely as possible, and make another image. In practice, the old photograph is both the map and the puzzle. Its background may contain the ridge that identifies a valley, the line of a roof that reveals the height of the camera, or a street corner that no longer exists. Even a failed attempt to repeat the view can yield evidence. The obstruction may itself be historical: a new building, a road, a forest, a restricted border or a changed riverbank.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b7\">The comparison has at least three forms of value.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b8\"><b>Historical and spatial.<\/b> Repeated views provide a readable record of changes in buildings, vegetation, mobility, public space and land use. They can also expose errors in a photograph&#8217;s inherited caption. A mountain silhouette is not interchangeable with another; when the background of a Manakia panorama does not match its supposed city, the image must be located again.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b9\"><b>Anthropological.<\/b> Rephotography is not merely a measurement of visible change. The act of searching brings the researcher into contact with people who recognise a house, dispute a place name, remember a vanished use of space or know why a route was abandoned. Their accounts belong beside the two photographs, although they remain testimonies to be interpreted rather than automatic proof of a date.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b10\"><b>Visual.<\/b> A historical view and a contemporary view do not cancel each other. They create an interval the eye is invited to explore. The spectator notices continuity and disappearance simultaneously; more importantly, the comparison reveals that both photographers selected a viewpoint and made decisions about what could enter the frame.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b11\">A method with a history<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b12\">Repeat photography was used by geologists and landscape scientists before it acquired an established place in photographic art and the humanities. In <b>1977\u20131979<\/b>, <b>Mark Klett, Ellen Manchester and JoAnn Verburg<\/b> organised the <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\/i> in the American West. Returning to nineteenth-century survey images, they reconstructed locations and framing while recognising the choices made by both the historical and the contemporary photographer. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\">Mark Klett&#8217;s account of the project<\/a> and <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b13\">The method was subsequently discussed explicitly in visual anthropology. <b>Trudi Smith<\/b>, in \u201cRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u201d (<i>Visual Anthropology<\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200), approached the return to an earlier image as situated fieldwork, attentive to encounters, place and interpretation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\">Publisher&#8217;s record<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b14\">There are Balkan precedents. The Dutch photographer and traveller <b>Casper Molenaar<\/b> has retraced places pictured by the German photographer <b>Kurt Hielscher<\/b> in his <b>1926<\/b> album of Yugoslavia, setting historical and contemporary views beside one another. His project, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\/i><\/a>, is a particularly close visual comparison.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b15\">What distinguishes <i>Beyond Yesterday<\/i><\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b16\"><i>Beyond Yesterday<\/i> is built around a different historical archive and question. The starting images were made by <b>Ianaki and Milton Manakia<\/b>, Aromanian photographers who worked in a multilingual Ottoman and post-Ottoman Balkans. The project follows not one national landscape, but routes across the present borders of <b>Greece, North Macedonia, Albania and Bulgaria<\/b>. It brings together photographic prints, glass negatives, archival documents, studio portraits and, where relevant, the brothers&#8217; moving images.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b17\">The contemporary photograph is not the final answer. It is a means of testing a location and of beginning another inquiry: who lived here; what road connected this village to another; when did people leave; why was a name translated or forgotten; how did the original image travel into an archive? The research has included repeated journeys over more than a decade, consultation of the <b>National Museum of the Romanian Peasant<\/b> in Bucharest and the <b>State Archives in Bitola<\/b>, and field conversations along the routes traced by the brothers.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b18\">The project&#8217;s distinctiveness lies in <b>joining transnational photographic rephotography to item-level archival investigation, historical toponymy, community memory and a travelling exhibition<\/b>. Often the most interesting thing is not the photograph itself but the story: the stories that surfaced along the way, from people met in villages, from archive files, from wrong turns and unplanned encounters.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b19\">The evidence of this approach can be seen in the project&#8217;s <a href=\"\/over-time\/\">photographic map<\/a> and <a href=\"\/journal\/\">Journal<\/a>: the reconstruction of a London photograph dated through a theatre programme, a panorama moved from Plovdiv to Sliven because the mountains did not match, and the reunion of images of Laista preserved in different countries.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b20\">What a pair of photographs cannot prove<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b21\">Two pictures can demonstrate that visible elements differ. On their own, they cannot always explain the cause. An empty square does not prove that a community has disappeared; a ruined building does not establish when it was abandoned; a mountain that seems closer might result from a different lens or crop. For each comparison, <i>Beyond Yesterday<\/i> distinguishes <b>observable change<\/b>, <b>historically documented explanation<\/b>, <b>local testimony<\/b> and <b>the researcher&#8217;s interpretation<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b22\">It also preserves the possibility of failure. The correct historical camera position may be inaccessible or destroyed. In such cases, a near-view is labelled as a <b>visual approximation<\/b>, not presented as an exact optical match. Precision is an account of the limits of the evidence, not a promise that time can be reversed.<\/p><h2 data-k=\"b23\">Field methodology: how the second photograph is made<\/h2><p data-k=\"b24\"><i>From a historical caption to a reproducible modern viewpoint<\/i><\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b25\">The practical task is to find, with the greatest accuracy the terrain allows, the location from which a photograph was taken around 1900. An original caption is a starting hypothesis, not the end of the investigation. Some captions were assigned long after the negative was exposed; others use obsolete place names or preserve a previous misidentification. The stages below are guidelines drawn from the project\u2019s own practice, not a fixed protocol; each case may call for adaptations.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b26\">Stage one: identify the object<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b27\">Before travelling, record the original image&#8217;s <b>holding institution, collection or fonds, item identifier, physical form, caption, attributed author and date or date range<\/b>. Distinguish a negative from a print and a photographic card from a later published reproduction. If two archival copies exist, examine both when possible: a contact print may reveal more of the margins, while a negative may preserve details cropped from the print. Often I did not even know what the villages in the archive of the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant were called. Many photographs had no name and no location, so the first task was detective work: identifying the village. There is no real method here; it comes down to intuition and luck, but also to a visual training that can be practised, learning to recognise the shapes of mountains. One caution: mountains change too. Forests grow back and landslides reshape slopes, as happened at Pades.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b28\"><b>Example, Avdela.<\/b> The project&#8217;s photographic map displays a glass negative of the village held in <b>Bitola, Fonds 0580, GPN 5701<\/b>, beside a print held at <b>MN\u021aR, Mk-1910<\/b>. Another pair depicts Holy Trinity, with <b>Bitola GPN 5676<\/b> and <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1932<\/b>. These identifiers permit a researcher to trace the historical objects independently of the contemporary rephotographs. <a href=\"\/over-time\/\">See the project&#8217;s archival captions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b29\">Stage two: test the geographical attribution<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b30\">Examine <b>ridge profiles, peaks, rivers, valley geometry, street intersections, church towers, masonry, rooflines, bridges and sightlines<\/b>. They are not equally reliable. Mountains often survive as large-scale landmarks, while fa\u00e7ades and roads may be transformed. Compare historic maps, current topographic maps, aerial imagery and photographs made by other people. Search old, official and Aromanian place-name variants in parallel.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b31\"><b>Example, Plovdiv and Sliven.<\/b> A historical panorama thought to represent Plovdiv was tested against its supposed setting. Its mountain background failed the comparison and directed the research to <b>Sliven<\/b>. The change of attribution is an outcome of visual and geographical analysis, not a change made for a better narrative. <a href=\"\/journal\/\">Journal case study<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b32\">Stage three: reconstruct the camera station<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b33\">Once the settlement is secure, narrow the search to a defensible <b>camera station<\/b>, meaning the approximate position and height of the historical camera. Match the relative placement of fixed landmarks, not only the general resemblance of the view. A few metres of lateral movement may shift the alignment between a church tower and a distant summit; moving uphill changes the relative position of rooftops; altering focal length changes the apparent scale and field of view.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b34\">The practical order is: choose at least <b>three control landmarks<\/b> at different depths; adjust position and height until their relationships match; then select an appropriate field of view. A historical lens&#8217;s focal length should <b>not<\/b> be guessed from a cropped image. If the surviving image is already enlarged or trimmed, record that limitation.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b35\">Stage four: make and document the contemporary photograph<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b36\">Record the present viewpoint with <b>latitude and longitude<\/b>, coordinate reference, approximate GPS accuracy, photographer&#8217;s height or camera-centre height, camera direction or azimuth when measured, camera model, lens or focal length, exposure time, date and <b>local clock time with time zone<\/b>. Retain the <b>original image file and EXIF metadata<\/b>, a field note and an unaltered reference photograph showing the broader surroundings.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b37\">Record also <b>season, weather, accessibility, visible changes, obstacles and sources of uncertainty<\/b>. Time of day matters when attempting to approximate light and shadows, but identical sunlight may be impossible because the skyline and built environment have changed. An image taken at a different time must not be presented as though it had reproduced the historical lighting.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b38\"><b>Unknown fields stay unknown.<\/b> Where a value was not recorded in the field, the record says \u201cnot recorded\u201d; a measurement is never reconstructed after the event as an exact figure.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b39\">Stage five: distinguish optical alignment from interpretive comparison<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b40\">Classify each pair:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-k=\"b41\"><b>Rephotography, close alignment<\/b>: the historical viewpoint is strongly supported by multiple landmarks and the second framing approaches the first.<\/li><li data-k=\"b42\"><b>Rephotography, approximate alignment<\/b>: the locality is secure, but barriers, demolition, vegetation, terrain or uncertain cropping prevent a closer match.<\/li><li data-k=\"b43\"><b>Site identified, viewpoint unresolved<\/b>: the scene can be located, but the exact historical camera station cannot be defended.<\/li><li data-k=\"b44\"><b>Interpretive pairing<\/b>: the present photograph explores the historical subject or community without claiming the same view.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-k=\"b45\">The description should explain <i>why<\/i> a result belongs in one category. Never equate \u201cvisually persuasive\u201d with \u201cgeometrically identical.\u201d A short, honest note about the remaining uncertainty is a research finding in its own right.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b46\">Stage six: conduct the anthropological follow-up<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b47\">Show the original image to people in the place where it was made. Ask open questions, distinguish direct recollection from inherited family memory, and seek permission before recording names or publishing personal accounts. A resident may identify a building that has vanished or a family photograph preserved privately; such testimony should be attributed with consent and compared with documentary evidence.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b48\"><b>Example, Laista.<\/b> Two Manakia images of <b>Laista\/Laka<\/b>, one present in the Bitola holdings and another in Bucharest, enter a wider history through later photographs and local recognition. The project&#8217;s map gives the glass negative as <b>Bitola GPN 1115<\/b> and the print as <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1919<\/b>, both dated <b>1898<\/b> on the site. The Journal recounts how apparently isolated objects were connected. <a href=\"\/over-time\/\">Map and collection references<\/a> and <a href=\"\/journal\/\">research narrative<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-k=\"b49\">Stage seven: publish the evidence, not just the pair<\/h3>\n<p data-k=\"b50\">Each public comparison is best accompanied by a compact record: <b>historical photograph<\/b> (author, title or descriptive title, date\/date range, institution, identifier); <b>contemporary photograph<\/b> (author, date and place); <b>match category<\/b>; <b>key landmarks<\/b>; <b>brief note on transformations<\/b>; <b>source references<\/b>; and a link to the fuller journal entry where one exists.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"b51\">For selected research cases, publish an optional <b>alignment overlay<\/b> and a map point with approximate location accuracy. We advise against publishing precise coordinates for sensitive private properties or vulnerable sites without consent and assessment, and against digitally adding or removing historical objects in either original photograph of the evidentiary pair. Any creative AI treatment is better kept in a separate, unmistakably labelled visual category.<\/p>\n<p data-k=\"f1\">For each pair the project keeps a field record: the custodian\u2019s identifier for the historical object; the date and original file of the new photograph; the place, with its official and historical names; the position, direction and height of the camera, or \u201cnot recorded\u201d where unknown; the camera and lens; the crop applied; and the source of the comparison.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"rnav\"><a href=\"\/research\/rephotography\/\" data-k=\"nvrephotography\">Rephotography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/aromanians\/\" data-k=\"nvaromanians\">The Aromanians<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <b>Field Method<\/b> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/how-to-cite\/\" data-k=\"nvhow-to-cite\">How to Cite<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/gazetteer\/\" data-k=\"nvgazetteer\">Gazetteer<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/film-chronology\/\" data-k=\"nvfilm-chronology\">Film Chronology<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/bibliography\/\" data-k=\"nvbibliography\">Bibliography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/archives\/\" data-k=\"nvarchives\">Archival Sources<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/papers\/\" data-k=\"nvpapers\">Research Papers<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/methods\/\" data-k=\"nvmethods\">Methods &amp; Debates<\/a><\/div><a href=\"\/research\/rephotography\/\" data-k=\"nvrephotography\">Rephotography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/aromanians\/\" data-k=\"nvaromanians\">The Aromanians<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <b data-k=\"nvfield-method\">Field Method<\/b> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/how-to-cite\/\" data-k=\"nvhow-to-cite\">How to Cite<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/gazetteer\/\" data-k=\"nvgazetteer\">Gazetteer<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/film-chronology\/\" data-k=\"nvfilm-chronology\">Film Chronology<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/bibliography\/\" data-k=\"nvbibliography\">Bibliography<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/archives\/\" data-k=\"nvarchives\">Archival Sources<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/papers\/\" data-k=\"nvpapers\">Research Papers<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"\/research\/methods\/\" data-k=\"nvmethods\">Methods &amp; Debates<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<script id=\"rsI18N\" type=\"application\/json\">{\"ro\":{\"t\":\"Metoda de teren\",\"l\":\"De unde vine refotografierea \u0219i cum se face fiecare fotografie nou\u0103: identificarea cadrului, verificarea legendei, reconstituirea punctului de stat al aparatului, consemnarea limitelor probelor.\",\"bc\":\"Cercetare\",\"b51\":\"Pentru cazurile de cercetare alese, se poate publica op\u021bional o <b>suprapunere de aliniere<\\\/b> \u0219i un punct pe hart\u0103 cu o precizie aproximativ\u0103 a locului. Se recomand\u0103 s\u0103 nu se publice coordonate exacte pentru propriet\u0103\u021bi private sensibile sau locuri vulnerabile f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i evaluare, \u0219i s\u0103 nu se adauge sau s\u0103 se scoat\u0103 digital obiecte istorice din niciuna dintre cele dou\u0103 fotografii originale ale perechii probatorii. Orice tratament creativ cu IA e mai bine \u021binut \u00eentr-o categorie vizual\u0103 separat\u0103, etichetat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 echivoc.\",\"b50\":\"Fiecare compara\u021bie public\u0103 ar fi bine s\u0103 fie \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de o fi\u0219\u0103 compact\u0103: <b>fotografia istoric\u0103<\\\/b> (autor, titlu sau titlu descriptiv, dat\u0103 sau interval, institu\u021bie, identificator); <b>fotografia contemporan\u0103<\\\/b> (autor, dat\u0103 \u0219i loc); <b>categoria de potrivire<\\\/b>; <b>repere-cheie<\\\/b>; <b>scurt\u0103 not\u0103 despre transform\u0103ri<\\\/b>; <b>trimiteri la surse<\\\/b>; \u0219i un link c\u0103tre intrarea mai ampl\u0103 din jurnal, dac\u0103 exist\u0103.\",\"b49\":\"Etapa a \u0219aptea: publicarea probelor, nu doar a perechii\",\"b48\":\"<b>Exemplu, Laista.<\\\/b> Dou\u0103 imagini Manakia din <b>Laista\/Laka<\\\/b>, una \u00een fondurile din Bitola \u0219i alta la Bucure\u0219ti, intr\u0103 \u00eentr-o istorie mai larg\u0103 prin fotografii ulterioare \u0219i prin recunoa\u0219terea local\u0103. Harta proiectului d\u0103 negativul pe sticl\u0103 ca <b>Bitola GPN 1115<\\\/b> \u0219i copia pozitiv\u0103 ca <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1919<\\\/b>, ambele datate <b>1898<\\\/b> pe site. Jurnalul poveste\u0219te cum obiecte aparent izolate au fost legate \u00eentre ele. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">Hart\u0103 \u0219i trimiteri la colec\u021bii<\\\/a> \u0219i <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">povestea cercet\u0103rii<\\\/a>.\",\"b47\":\"E recomandabil s\u0103 se arate imaginea original\u0103 oamenilor din locul \u00een care a fost f\u0103cut\u0103. Se pun \u00eentreb\u0103ri deschise, se deosebe\u0219te amintirea direct\u0103 de memoria de familie mo\u0219tenit\u0103, iar \u00eenregistrarea numelor sau publicarea relat\u0103rilor personale se face cu permisiune. Un localnic poate identifica o cl\u0103dire disp\u0103rut\u0103 sau o fotografie de familie p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een privat; asemenea m\u0103rturii se atribuie cu acordul persoanei \u0219i se compar\u0103 cu dovezile documentare.\",\"b46\":\"Etapa a \u0219asea: continuarea antropologic\u0103\",\"b45\":\"Descrierea poate explica <i>de ce<\\\/i> un rezultat apar\u021bine unei categorii. \u201eConving\u0103tor vizual\u201d nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eidentic geometric\u201d. O not\u0103 scurt\u0103 \u0219i cinstit\u0103 despre incertitudinea r\u0103mas\u0103 este ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i un rezultat de cercetare.\",\"b44\":\"<b>Pereche interpretativ\u0103<\\\/b>: fotografia de azi exploreaz\u0103 subiectul sau comunitatea istoric\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 caute acela\u0219i cadru.\",\"b43\":\"<b>Loc identificat, punct de vedere nerezolvat<\\\/b>: scena poate fi localizat\u0103, dar punctul exact al aparatului istoric nu poate fi sus\u021binut.\",\"b42\":\"<b>Refotografie, aliniere aproximativ\u0103<\\\/b>: localitatea e sigur\u0103, dar bariere, demol\u0103ri, vegeta\u021bie, relief sau o decupare incert\u0103 \u00eempiedic\u0103 o potrivire mai bun\u0103.\",\"b41\":\"<b>Refotografie, aliniere str\u00e2ns\u0103<\\\/b>: punctul de vedere istoric e sus\u021binut ferm de mai multe repere, iar al doilea cadru se apropie de primul.\",\"b40\":\"Fiecare pereche poate fi \u00eencadrat\u0103 \u00eentr-una dintre categoriile:\",\"b39\":\"Etapa a cincea: deosebirea dintre alinierea optic\u0103 \u0219i compara\u021bia interpretativ\u0103\",\"b38\":\"<b>Ce nu se \u0219tie r\u0103m\u00e2ne necunoscut.<\\\/b> Dac\u0103 o valoare nu a fost notat\u0103 pe teren, \u00eenregistrarea spune \u201enenotat\u201d; o m\u0103sur\u0103toare nu se reconstituie niciodat\u0103 ulterior ca cifr\u0103 exact\u0103.\",\"b37\":\"Se consemneaz\u0103 \u0219i <b>anotimpul, vremea, accesibilitatea, schimb\u0103rile vizibile, obstacolele \u0219i sursele de incertitudine<\\\/b>. Ora conteaz\u0103 c\u00e2nd se \u00eencearc\u0103 apropierea de lumina \u0219i umbrele originale, dar o lumin\u0103 identic\u0103 poate fi imposibil\u0103, fiindc\u0103 s-au schimbat linia orizontului \u0219i mediul construit. O imagine f\u0103cut\u0103 la alt\u0103 or\u0103 nu trebuie prezentat\u0103 ca \u0219i cum ar fi reprodus lumina istoric\u0103.\",\"b36\":\"Se consemneaz\u0103 punctul de vedere actual cu <b>latitudine \u0219i longitudine<\\\/b>, sistemul de coordonate, precizia aproximativ\u0103 a GPS-ului, \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea fotografului sau a centrului aparatului, direc\u021bia sau azimutul aparatului c\u00e2nd a fost m\u0103surat, modelul aparatului, obiectivul sau distan\u021ba focal\u0103, timpul de expunere, data \u0219i <b>ora local\u0103, cu fusul orar<\\\/b>. Se p\u0103streaz\u0103 <b>fi\u0219ierul original \u0219i metadatele EXIF<\\\/b>, o not\u0103 de teren \u0219i o fotografie de referin\u021b\u0103 neretu\u0219at\u0103, care arat\u0103 \u00eemprejurimile mai largi.\",\"b35\":\"Etapa a patra: realizarea \u0219i documentarea fotografiei contemporane\",\"b34\":\"Ordinea practic\u0103 e aceasta: se aleg cel pu\u021bin <b>trei repere de control<\\\/b> la ad\u00e2ncimi diferite; se ajusteaz\u0103 pozi\u021bia \u0219i \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd rela\u021biile dintre ele se potrivesc; apoi se alege un c\u00e2mp vizual adecvat. Distan\u021ba focal\u0103 a unui obiectiv istoric <b>nu<\\\/b> se ghice\u0219te dintr-o imagine decupat\u0103. Dac\u0103 imaginea p\u0103strat\u0103 e deja m\u0103rit\u0103 sau t\u0103iat\u0103, se consemneaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 limit\u0103.\",\"b33\":\"Odat\u0103 ce a\u0219ezarea e sigur\u0103, c\u0103utarea se restr\u00e2nge la un <b>punct de stat al aparatului<\\\/b> care poate fi sus\u021binut, adic\u0103 pozi\u021bia \u0219i \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea aproximativ\u0103 a aparatului istoric. Se potrive\u0219te a\u0219ezarea relativ\u0103 a reperelor fixe, nu doar asem\u0103narea general\u0103 a vederii. C\u00e2\u021biva metri de mi\u0219care lateral\u0103 pot muta alinierea dintre turnul unei biserici \u0219i un v\u00e2rf \u00eendep\u0103rtat; urcarea pe pant\u0103 schimb\u0103 pozi\u021bia relativ\u0103 a acoperi\u0219urilor; schimbarea distan\u021bei focale modific\u0103 scara aparent\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2mpul vizual.\",\"b32\":\"Etapa a treia: reconstituirea punctului de stat al aparatului\",\"b31\":\"<b>Exemplu, Plovdiv \u0219i Sliven.<\\\/b> O panoram\u0103 istoric\u0103, crezut\u0103 a \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219a Plovdivul, a fost confruntat\u0103 cu cadrul ei presupus. Fundalul muntos nu s-a potrivit \u0219i a \u00eendreptat cercetarea spre <b>Sliven<\\\/b>. Schimbarea atribuirii e rezultatul unei analize vizuale \u0219i geografice, nu o modificare f\u0103cut\u0103 pentru o nara\u021biune mai bun\u0103. <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">Studiu de caz \u00een Jurnal<\\\/a>.\",\"b30\":\"Se examineaz\u0103 <b>profilul crestelor, v\u00e2rfurile, r\u00e2urile, geometria v\u0103ii, intersec\u021biile de str\u0103zi, turnurile bisericilor, zid\u0103ria, liniile acoperi\u0219urilor, podurile \u0219i liniile de vedere<\\\/b>. Nu sunt la fel de sigure. Mun\u021bii supravie\u021buiesc adesea ca repere de mare scar\u0103, \u00een timp ce fa\u021badele \u0219i drumurile se pot schimba. Se compar\u0103 h\u0103r\u021bi istorice, h\u0103r\u021bi topografice actuale, imagini aeriene \u0219i fotografii f\u0103cute de al\u021bii. Variantele vechi, oficiale \u0219i arom\u00e2ne ale toponimului se caut\u0103 \u00een paralel.\",\"b29\":\"Etapa a doua: verificarea atribuirii geografice\",\"b28\":\"<b>Exemplu, Avdela.<\\\/b> Harta fotografic\u0103 a proiectului arat\u0103 un negativ pe sticl\u0103 al satului p\u0103strat la <b>Bitola, fond 0580, GPN 5701<\\\/b>, al\u0103turi de o copie p\u0103strat\u0103 la <b>MN\u021aR, Mk-1910<\\\/b>. O alt\u0103 pereche \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 biserica Sf\u00e2nta Treime, cu <b>Bitola GPN 5676<\\\/b> \u0219i <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1932<\\\/b>. Ace\u0219ti identificatori permit reg\u0103sirea independent\u0103 a obiectelor istorice, indiferent de refotografiile contemporane. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">Vezi legendele de arhiv\u0103 ale proiectului<\\\/a>.\",\"b27\":\"\u00cenainte de plecare, e bine s\u0103 se noteze <b>institu\u021bia de\u021bin\u0103toare, colec\u021bia sau fondul, identificatorul piesei, forma fizic\u0103, legenda, autorul atribuit \u0219i data sau intervalul de date<\\\/b> ale imaginii originale. Se deosebe\u0219te un negativ de o copie pozitiv\u0103 \u0219i o carte de vizit\u0103 fotografic\u0103 de o reproducere publicat\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 dou\u0103 exemplare de arhiv\u0103, merit\u0103 examinate am\u00e2ndou\u0103: o copie prin contact poate ar\u0103ta mai mult din margini, iar negativul poate p\u0103stra detalii t\u0103iate din copie. De multe ori nici nu \u0219tiam cum se numesc satele din arhiva Muzeului Na\u021bional al \u021a\u0103ranului Rom\u00e2n. Multe fotografii nu aveau nume \u0219i nu erau localizate, a\u0219a c\u0103 munca a fost mai \u00eent\u00e2i una de detectiv: s\u0103 identific satul. Aici nu exist\u0103 o metod\u0103 propriu-zis\u0103. Conteaz\u0103 intui\u021bia \u0219i norocul, dar \u0219i un antrenament vizual, care se exerseaz\u0103: s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi s\u0103 recuno\u0219ti forme de mun\u021bi. Cu o precau\u021bie: uneori se schimb\u0103 \u0219i mun\u021bii. P\u0103durea re\u00eenvie, alunec\u0103rile de teren schimb\u0103 versan\u021bii, a\u0219a cum s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat la Pades.\",\"b26\":\"Etapa \u00eent\u00e2i: identificarea obiectului\",\"b25\":\"Scopul practic e s\u0103 g\u0103se\u0219ti, cu cea mai mare precizie pe care o \u00eeng\u0103duie terenul, locul din care a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 o fotografie \u00een jurul anului 1900. Legenda original\u0103 e o ipotez\u0103 de pornire, nu sf\u00e2r\u0219itul cercet\u0103rii. Unele legende au fost puse mult dup\u0103 expunerea negativului; altele folosesc nume de locuri ie\u0219ite din uz sau p\u0103streaz\u0103 o identificare gre\u0219it\u0103 mai veche. Etapele de mai jos sunt recomand\u0103ri desprinse din practica proiectului, nu un protocol rigid: fiecare caz poate cere adapt\u0103ri.\",\"b24\":\"<i>De la o legend\u0103 istoric\u0103 la un punct de vedere modern care poate fi repetat<\\\/i>\",\"b23\":\"Metodologia de teren: cum se face a doua fotografie\",\"b22\":\"Proiectul p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u0219i posibilitatea e\u0219ecului. Pozi\u021bia istoric\u0103 exact\u0103 a aparatului poate fi inaccesibil\u0103 sau distrus\u0103. \u00cen asemenea cazuri, o vedere apropiat\u0103 e etichetat\u0103 drept <b>aproximare vizual\u0103<\\\/b> \u0219i nu e prezentat\u0103 ca potrivire optic\u0103 exact\u0103. Precizia \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 spui care sunt limitele probelor, nu s\u0103 promi\u021bi c\u0103 timpul poate fi dat \u00eenapoi.\",\"b21\":\"Dou\u0103 imagini pot ar\u0103ta c\u0103 anumite elemente vizibile difer\u0103. Singure, nu pot explica \u00eentotdeauna cauza. O pia\u021b\u0103 goal\u0103 nu dovede\u0219te c\u0103 o comunitate a disp\u0103rut; o cl\u0103dire \u00een ruin\u0103 nu stabile\u0219te c\u00e2nd a fost p\u0103r\u0103sit\u0103; un munte care pare mai aproape poate veni dintr-un alt obiectiv sau dintr-o alt\u0103 decupare. Pentru fiecare compara\u021bie, <i>Dincolo de ieri<\\\/i> deosebe\u0219te <b>schimbarea observabil\u0103<\\\/b>, <b>explica\u021bia documentat\u0103 istoric<\\\/b>, <b>m\u0103rturia local\u0103<\\\/b> \u0219i <b>interpretarea cercet\u0103torului<\\\/b>.\",\"b20\":\"Ce nu poate dovedi o pereche de fotografii\",\"b19\":\"Rezultatul acestui demers se vede \u00een <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">harta fotografic\u0103<\\\/a> \u0219i \u00een <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">Jurnalul<\\\/a> proiectului: reconstituirea unei fotografii din Londra datate prin programul unui teatru, o panoram\u0103 mutat\u0103 de la Plovdiv la Sliven pentru c\u0103 mun\u021bii nu se potriveau \u0219i reunirea imaginilor din Laista p\u0103strate \u00een \u021b\u0103ri diferite.\",\"b18\":\"Specificul proiectului st\u0103 \u00een <b>\u00eembinarea refotografierii transna\u021bionale cu cercetarea de arhiv\u0103 la nivel de pies\u0103, cu toponimia istoric\u0103, memoria comunit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i o expozi\u021bie itinerant\u0103<\\\/b>. Adesea, cel mai interesant lucru nu e fotografia \u00een sine, ci povestea. Pove\u0219tile au ap\u0103rut pe parcurs: de la oameni \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi prin sate, din dosare de arhiv\u0103, din drumuri gre\u0219ite \u0219i din \u00eent\u00e2lniri neplanificate.\",\"b17\":\"Fotografia contemporan\u0103 nu e r\u0103spunsul final. E un mijloc de a verifica un loc \u0219i de a \u00eencepe o alt\u0103 cercetare: cine a locuit aici; ce drum lega satul acesta de altul; c\u00e2nd au plecat oamenii; de ce a fost tradus sau uitat un nume; cum a ajuns imaginea original\u0103 \u00eentr-o arhiv\u0103. Cercetarea a \u00eensemnat c\u0103l\u0103torii repetate, pe parcursul a peste un deceniu, consultarea <b>Muzeului Na\u021bional al \u021a\u0103ranului Rom\u00e2n<\\\/b> din Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i a <b>Arhivelor de Stat din Bitola<\\\/b>, precum \u0219i conversa\u021bii pe teren de-a lungul traseelor parcurse de fra\u021bi.\",\"b16\":\"<i>Dincolo de ieri<\\\/i> porne\u0219te de la o alt\u0103 arhiv\u0103 istoric\u0103 \u0219i de la o alt\u0103 \u00eentrebare. Imaginile de pornire au fost f\u0103cute de <b>Ianaki \u0219i Milton Manakia<\\\/b>, fotografi arom\u00e2ni care au lucrat \u00eentr-o Peninsul\u0103 Balcanic\u0103 multilingv\u0103, otoman\u0103 \u0219i postotoman\u0103. Proiectul urm\u0103re\u0219te nu un peisaj na\u021bional, ci trasee peste actualele grani\u021be ale <b>Greciei, Macedoniei de Nord, Albaniei \u0219i Bulgariei<\\\/b>. Reune\u0219te fotografii pe h\u00e2rtie, negative pe sticl\u0103, documente de arhiv\u0103, portrete de studio \u0219i, acolo unde e cazul, imaginile \u00een mi\u0219care ale fra\u021bilor.\",\"b15\":\"Ce deosebe\u0219te <i>Dincolo de ieri<\\\/i>\",\"b14\":\"Exist\u0103 precedente balcanice. Fotograful \u0219i c\u0103l\u0103torul olandez <b>Casper Molenaar<\\\/b> a ref\u0103cut locurile din albumul despre Iugoslavia (<b>1926<\\\/b>) al fotografului german <b>Kurt Hielscher<\\\/b>, a\u0219ez\u00e2nd vederile istorice l\u00e2ng\u0103 cele contemporane. Proiectul s\u0103u, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\\\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\\\/i><\\\/a>, e o compara\u021bie vizual\u0103 deosebit de apropiat\u0103.\",\"b13\":\"Metoda a fost apoi discutat\u0103 explicit \u00een antropologia vizual\u0103. <b>Trudi Smith<\\\/b>, \u00een \u201eRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u201d (<i>Visual Anthropology<\\\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200), a tratat \u00eentoarcerea la o imagine anterioar\u0103 ca pe o munc\u0103 de teren situat\u0103, atent\u0103 la \u00eent\u00e2lniri, la loc \u0219i la interpretare. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\\\">Fi\u0219a editorului<\\\/a>.\",\"b12\":\"Fotografia repetat\u0103 a fost folosit\u0103 de geologi \u0219i de speciali\u0219ti \u00een peisaj \u00eenainte de a-\u0219i g\u0103si un loc statornic \u00een arta fotografic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een \u0219tiin\u021bele umaniste. \u00cen <b>1977\u20131979<\\\/b>, <b>Mark Klett, Ellen Manchester \u0219i JoAnn Verburg<\\\/b> au organizat <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> \u00een Vestul american. \u00centorc\u00e2ndu-se la imaginile de explorare din secolul al XIX-lea, ei au reconstituit locurile \u0219i \u00eencadr\u0103rile, recunosc\u00e2nd totodat\u0103 alegerile f\u0103cute at\u00e2t de fotograful istoric, c\u00e2t \u0219i de cel contemporan. Vezi <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\\\">relatarea lui Mark Klett despre proiect<\\\/a> \u0219i <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).\",\"b11\":\"O metod\u0103 cu istorie\",\"b10\":\"<b>Vizual\u0103.<\\\/b> Vederea istoric\u0103 \u0219i cea contemporan\u0103 nu se anuleaz\u0103 una pe alta. Ele creeaz\u0103 un interval pe care ochiul e invitat s\u0103-l exploreze. Privitorul observ\u0103 deodat\u0103 continuitatea \u0219i dispari\u021bia; mai important, compara\u021bia arat\u0103 c\u0103 ambii fotografi au ales un punct de vedere \u0219i au decis ce poate intra \u00een cadru.\",\"b9\":\"<b>Antropologic\u0103.<\\\/b> Refotografierea nu e doar o m\u0103surare a schimb\u0103rii vizibile. C\u0103utarea te aduce \u00een contact cu oameni care recunosc o cas\u0103, contest\u0103 un toponim, \u00ee\u0219i amintesc o folosin\u021b\u0103 disp\u0103rut\u0103 a locului sau \u0219tiu de ce a fost p\u0103r\u0103sit un drum. Relat\u0103rile lor merit\u0103 a\u0219ezate l\u00e2ng\u0103 cele dou\u0103 fotografii, de\u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2n m\u0103rturii de interpretat, nu dovezi automate ale unei date.\",\"b8\":\"<b>Istoric\u0103 \u0219i spa\u021bial\u0103.<\\\/b> Vederile repetate ofer\u0103 o eviden\u021b\u0103 lizibil\u0103 a schimb\u0103rilor \u00een cl\u0103diri, vegeta\u021bie, circula\u021bie, spa\u021biul public \u0219i folosirea terenului. Pot scoate la iveal\u0103 \u0219i gre\u0219eli \u00een legenda mo\u0219tenit\u0103 a unei fotografii. Silueta unui munte nu poate fi \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu a altuia; c\u00e2nd fundalul unei panorame Manakia nu corespunde ora\u0219ului indicat, imaginea trebuie localizat\u0103 din nou.\",\"b7\":\"Compara\u021bia are cel pu\u021bin trei feluri de valoare.\",\"b6\":\"Procedura pare simpl\u0103: g\u0103se\u0219ti cadrul, reconstitui c\u00e2t mai exact pozi\u021bia fotografului \u0219i faci o alt\u0103 imagine. \u00cen practic\u0103, fotografia veche e deopotriv\u0103 hart\u0103 \u0219i enigm\u0103. \u00cen fundal poate ap\u0103rea creasta care identific\u0103 o vale, linia unui acoperi\u0219 care tr\u0103deaz\u0103 \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea aparatului sau un col\u021b de strad\u0103 care nu mai exist\u0103. Chiar \u0219i o \u00eencercare nereu\u0219it\u0103 de a reface cadrul poate da dovezi. Obstacolul poate fi el \u00eensu\u0219i istoric: o cl\u0103dire nou\u0103, un drum, o p\u0103dure, o grani\u021b\u0103 interzis\u0103 sau o albie schimbat\u0103.\",\"b5\":\"O fotografie fixeaz\u0103 o frac\u021biune de secund\u0103. Fixeaz\u0103 \u0219i un loc \u00een care s\u0103 stai. C\u00e2nd fotograful pleac\u0103, locul continu\u0103 s\u0103 se schimbe: un drum se mut\u0103, o cas\u0103 se pr\u0103bu\u0219e\u0219te, un copac cre\u0219te, un sat \u00ee\u0219i pierde locuitorii sau prime\u0219te al\u021bii noi. Refotografierea \u00eencepe prin a te \u00eentoarce cu un aparat \u0219i a \u00eentreba ce ne mai poate spune prima fotografie.\",\"b4\":\"<i>Ce r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een cadru \u0219i ce arat\u0103 o a doua vizit\u0103<\\\/i>\",\"b3\":\"\u00centoarcerea la o imagine istoric\u0103\",\"nvrephotography\":\"Refotografiere\",\"nvaromanians\":\"Arom\u00e2nii\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"Cum se citeaz\u0103\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"Repertoriu toponimic\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"Cronologia filmelor\",\"nvbibliography\":\"Bibliografie\",\"nvarchives\":\"Surse de arhiv\u0103\",\"nvpapers\":\"Studii\",\"nvmethods\":\"Metode \u0219i dezbateri\",\"nvfield-method\":\"Metoda de teren\",\"f1\":\"Pentru fiecare pereche se \u021bine o fi\u0219\u0103 de teren: identificatorul custodelui pentru obiectul istoric, data \u0219i fi\u0219ierul original al fotografiei noi, locul (cu formele oficiale \u0219i istorice ale numelui), pozi\u021bia, direc\u021bia \u0219i \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea aparatului sau men\u021biunea \u201enenotat\u201d c\u00e2nd nu se \u0219tiu, aparatul \u0219i obiectivul, decuparea aplicat\u0103 \u0219i sursa compara\u021biei.\"},\"el\":{\"t\":\"\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\",\"l\":\"\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1: \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.\",\"bc\":\"\u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\",\"b3\":\"\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\",\"b4\":\"<i>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7<\\\/i>\",\"b5\":\"\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9: \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1.\",\"b6\":\"\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae: \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03af\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b5.\",\"b7\":\"\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\",\"b8\":\"<b>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\\\/b> \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u00b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac.\",\"b9\":\"<b>\u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\\\/b> \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ae \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.\",\"b10\":\"<b>\u039f\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\\\/b> \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7. \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9. \u039f \u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf.\",\"b11\":\"\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\",\"b12\":\"\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf <b>1977\u20131979<\\\/b>, \u03bf\u03b9 <b>Mark Klett, Ellen Manchester \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 JoAnn Verburg<\\\/b> \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 19\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5. \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\\\">\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Mark Klett<\\\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).\",\"b13\":\"\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 <b>Trudi Smith<\\\/b>, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u00bb (<i>Visual Anthropology<\\\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200), \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\\\">\u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7<\\\/a>.\",\"b14\":\"\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1. \u039f \u039f\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <b>Casper Molenaar<\\\/b> \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 <b>Kurt Hielscher<\\\/b> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <b>1926<\\\/b>, \u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\\\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\\\/i><\\\/a>, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.\",\"b15\":\"\u03a4\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <i>Beyond Yesterday<\\\/i>\",\"b16\":\"\u03a4\u03bf <i>Beyond Yesterday<\\\/i> \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <b>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf 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\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd.\",\"b17\":\"\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1: \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce\u00b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 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\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7.\",\"f1\":\"\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5: \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u00b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ae \u00ab\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u00bb \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.\",\"nvrephotography\":\"\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\",\"nvaromanians\":\"\u039f\u03b9 \u0392\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\",\"nvfield-method\":\"\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"\u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"\u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\",\"nvbibliography\":\"\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\",\"nvarchives\":\"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2\",\"nvpapers\":\"\u0395\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\",\"nvmethods\":\"\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\"},\"sq\":{\"t\":\"Metoda n\u00eb terren\",\"l\":\"Nga vjen rifotografimi dhe si b\u00ebhet \u00e7do fotografi e re: gjetja e pamjes, verifikimi i p\u00ebrshkrimit, rind\u00ebrtimi i pozicionit t\u00eb kamer\u00ebs, regjistrimi i kufijve t\u00eb provave.\",\"bc\":\"K\u00ebrkimi\",\"b3\":\"Kthimi te nj\u00eb imazh historik\",\"b4\":\"<i>\u00c7far\u00eb mbetet n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr dhe \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb dukshme nj\u00eb vizit\u00eb e dyt\u00eb<\\\/i>\",\"b5\":\"Nj\u00eb fotografi ngurt\u00ebson nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb sekond\u00ebs. Ngurt\u00ebson edhe nj\u00eb vend ku dikush q\u00ebndroi. Kur fotografi largohet, vendi vazhdon t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb: nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb zhvendoset, nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi shembet, nj\u00eb pem\u00eb rritet, nj\u00eb fshat humbet banor\u00ebt ose fiton t\u00eb rinj. Rifotografimi nis me kthimin atje me nj\u00eb kamer\u00eb dhe me pyetjen se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb na tregoj\u00eb ende fotografia e par\u00eb.\",\"b6\":\"Procedura duket e thjesht\u00eb: gjen pamjen, rikthen sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr pozicionin e fotografit dhe b\u00ebn nj\u00eb imazh tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, fotografia e vjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh harta dhe gj\u00ebegj\u00ebza. Sfondi i saj mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb kresht\u00ebn q\u00eb identifikon nj\u00eb lugin\u00eb, vij\u00ebn e nj\u00eb \u00e7atie q\u00eb zbulon lart\u00ebsin\u00eb e kamer\u00ebs, ose nj\u00eb qoshe rruge q\u00eb nuk ekziston m\u00eb. Edhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje e d\u00ebshtuar p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur pamjen mund t\u00eb jap\u00eb prova. Vet\u00eb pengesa mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb historike: nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb e re, nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb, nj\u00eb pyll, nj\u00eb kufi i kufizuar ose nj\u00eb breg lumi i ndryshuar.\",\"b7\":\"Krahasimi ka t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn tri lloje vlerash.\",\"b8\":\"<b>Historike dhe hap\u00ebsinore.<\\\/b> Pamjet e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura japin nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb lexueshme t\u00eb ndryshimeve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa, bim\u00ebsi, l\u00ebvizje, hap\u00ebsir\u00eb publike dhe p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb tok\u00ebs. Ato mund t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb edhe gabime n\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin e trash\u00ebguar t\u00eb nj\u00eb fotografie. Silueta e nj\u00eb mali nuk z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr; kur sfondi i nj\u00eb panorame t\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Manaki nuk p\u00ebrputhet me qytetin q\u00eb supozohet, imazhi duhet vendosur s\u00ebrish.\",\"b9\":\"<b>Antropologjike.<\\\/b> Rifotografimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht matje e ndryshimit t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm. Vet\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi e v\u00eb studiuesin n\u00eb kontakt me njer\u00ebz q\u00eb njohin nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, e diskutojn\u00eb nj\u00eb toponim, kujtojn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb zhdukur t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs ose din\u00eb pse u braktis nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb. Rr\u00ebfimet e tyre i p\u00ebrkasin vendit pran\u00eb dy fotografive, megjith\u00ebse mbeten d\u00ebshmi q\u00eb duhen interpretuar dhe jo prova automatike t\u00eb nj\u00eb date.\",\"b10\":\"<b>Vizuale.<\\\/b> Nj\u00eb pamje historike dhe nj\u00eb pamje e sotme nuk e anulojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Ato krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb interval q\u00eb syri ftohet ta eksploroj\u00eb. Shikuesi v\u00ebren nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht vazhdim\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe zhdukjen; m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, krahasimi zbulon se t\u00eb dy fotograf\u00ebt zgjodh\u00ebn nj\u00eb pik\u00eb v\u00ebshtrimi dhe vendos\u00ebn \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb hynte n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr.\",\"b11\":\"Nj\u00eb metod\u00eb me histori\",\"b12\":\"Fotografia e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur u p\u00ebrdor nga gjeolog\u00ebt dhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e peizazhit para se t\u00eb fitonte nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb artin fotografik dhe n\u00eb shkencat humane. N\u00eb vitet <b>1977\u20131979<\\\/b>, <b>Mark Klett, Ellen Manchester dhe JoAnn Verburg<\\\/b> organizuan <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> n\u00eb Per\u00ebndimin amerikan. Duke u kthyer te imazhet e ekspeditave topografike t\u00eb shekullit XIX, ata rind\u00ebrtuan vendet dhe kuadrimin, duke njohur zgjedhjet e b\u00ebra si nga fotografi historik, ashtu edhe nga ai i sot\u00ebm. Shihni <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\\\">paraqitjen e projektit nga Mark Klett<\\\/a> dhe <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).\",\"b13\":\"Metoda u diskutua m\u00eb pas shprehimisht n\u00eb antropologjin\u00eb vizuale. <b>Trudi Smith<\\\/b>, n\u00eb \u201eRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u201c (<i>Visual Anthropology<\\\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200), e trajtoi kthimin te nj\u00eb imazh i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm si pun\u00eb terreni e situuar, e v\u00ebmendshme ndaj takimeve, vendit dhe interpretimit. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\\\">Regjistrimi i botuesit<\\\/a>.\",\"b14\":\"Ka edhe precedent\u00eb ballkanik\u00eb. Fotografi dhe udh\u00ebtari holandez <b>Casper Molenaar<\\\/b> ka ndjekur s\u00ebrish vendet e fotografuara nga fotografi gjerman <b>Kurt Hielscher<\\\/b> n\u00eb albumin e tij t\u00eb vitit <b>1926<\\\/b> p\u00ebr Jugosllavin\u00eb, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb krah p\u00ebr krah pamje historike dhe t\u00eb sotme. Projekti i tij, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\\\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\\\/i><\\\/a>, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb krahasim vizual ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i af\u00ebrt.\",\"b15\":\"\u00c7far\u00eb e dallon <i>P\u00ebrtej s\u00eb djeshmes!<\\\/i>\",\"b16\":\"<i>P\u00ebrtej s\u00eb djeshmes!<\\\/i> nd\u00ebrtohet rreth nj\u00eb arkivi historik dhe nj\u00eb pyetjeje tjet\u00ebr. Imazhet e nisjes u b\u00ebn\u00eb nga <b>Ianaki dhe Milton Manaki<\\\/b>, fotograf\u00eb arumun\u00eb q\u00eb punuan n\u00eb nj\u00eb Ballkan shum\u00ebgjuh\u00ebsh, osman dhe pasosman. Projekti nuk ndjek nj\u00eb peizazh t\u00eb vet\u00ebm komb\u00ebtar, por rrug\u00eb q\u00eb kap\u00ebrcejn\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb <b>Greqis\u00eb, Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut, Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe Bullgaris\u00eb<\\\/b>. Ai bashkon kopje fotografike, negativ\u00eb xhami, dokumente arkivore, portrete studioje dhe, kur ka vend, imazhet n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve.\",\"b17\":\"Fotografia e sotme nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigja p\u00ebrfundimtare. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar nj\u00eb vend dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim tjet\u00ebr: kush jetonte k\u00ebtu; cila rrug\u00eb e lidhte k\u00ebt\u00eb fshat me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr; kur ik\u00ebn njer\u00ebzit; pse u p\u00ebrkthye ose u harrua nj\u00eb em\u00ebr; si mb\u00ebrriti imazhi origjinal n\u00eb nj\u00eb arkiv? K\u00ebrkimi ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb udh\u00ebtime t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura gjat\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb dekade, konsultimin e <b>Muzeut Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Fshatarit Rumun<\\\/b> n\u00eb Bukuresht dhe t\u00eb <b>Arkivit Shtet\u00ebror n\u00eb Manastir<\\\/b>, si dhe biseda n\u00eb terren p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebve q\u00eb ndoq\u00ebn v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit.\",\"b18\":\"E ve\u00e7anta e projektit q\u00ebndron n\u00eb <b>bashkimin e rifotografimit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar me hetimin arkivor n\u00eb nivel nj\u00ebsie, toponimin\u00eb historike, kujtes\u00ebn e bashk\u00ebsive dhe nj\u00eb ekspozit\u00eb sh\u00ebtit\u00ebse<\\\/b>. Shpesh gj\u00ebja m\u00eb interesante nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00eb fotografia, por historia: historit\u00eb q\u00eb dol\u00ebn gjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs, nga njer\u00ebzit e takuar n\u00eb fshatra, nga dosjet e arkivave, nga kthesat e gabuara dhe takimet e paplanifikuara.\",\"b19\":\"D\u00ebshmit\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj qasjeje shihen n\u00eb <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">hart\u00ebn fotografike<\\\/a> dhe n\u00eb <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">Ditarin<\\\/a> e projektit: rind\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb fotografie t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs, e datuar p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb programi teatror, nj\u00eb panoram\u00eb e zhvendosur nga Plovdivi n\u00eb Sliven sepse malet nuk p\u00ebrputheshin, dhe ribashkimi i imazheve t\u00eb Laist\u00ebs t\u00eb ruajtura n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme.\",\"b20\":\"\u00c7far\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb provoj\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ift fotografish\",\"b21\":\"Dy fotografi mund t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se elementet e dukshme ndryshojn\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm me to, nuk mund ta shpjegojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb shkakun. Nj\u00eb shesh bosh nuk provon se nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur; nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb e rr\u00ebnuar nuk tregon kur u braktis; nj\u00eb mal q\u00eb duket m\u00eb af\u00ebr mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb rezultat i nj\u00eb objektivi ose prerjeje tjet\u00ebr. P\u00ebr \u00e7do krahasim, <i>P\u00ebrtej s\u00eb djeshmes!<\\\/i> dallon <b>ndryshimin e v\u00ebzhguesh\u00ebm<\\\/b>, <b>shpjegimin e dokumentuar historikisht<\\\/b>, <b>d\u00ebshmin\u00eb vendore<\\\/b> dhe <b>interpretimin e studiuesit<\\\/b>.\",\"b22\":\"Projekti ruan edhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e d\u00ebshtimit. Pozicioni i sakt\u00eb historik i kamer\u00ebs mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i paarritsh\u00ebm ose i shkat\u00ebrruar. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb tilla, nj\u00eb pamje e af\u00ebrt etiketohet si <b>p\u00ebrafrim vizual<\\\/b> dhe nuk paraqitet si p\u00ebrputhje optike e sakt\u00eb. Sakt\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb llogari e kufijve t\u00eb provave, jo nj\u00eb premtim se koha mund t\u00eb kthehet pas.\",\"b23\":\"Metodologjia e terrenit: si b\u00ebhet fotografia e dyt\u00eb\",\"b24\":\"<i>Nga nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim historik te nj\u00eb pik\u00eb v\u00ebshtrimi moderne e riprodhueshme<\\\/i>\",\"b25\":\"Detyra praktike \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb gjendet, me sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe q\u00eb lejon terreni, vendi nga u b\u00eb nj\u00eb fotografi rreth vitit 1900. P\u00ebrshkrimi origjinal \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hipotez\u00eb nisjeje, jo fundi i hetimit. Disa p\u00ebrshkrime u vun\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb pasi u shkrep negativi; t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrdorin toponime t\u00eb dala nga p\u00ebrdorimi ose ruajn\u00eb nj\u00eb identifikim t\u00eb gabuar t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm. Fazat m\u00eb posht\u00eb jan\u00eb udh\u00ebzime t\u00eb nxjerra nga praktika e vet\u00eb projektit, jo nj\u00eb protokoll i ngurt\u00eb; \u00e7do rast mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatje.\",\"b26\":\"Faza e par\u00eb: identifiko objektin\",\"b27\":\"Para udh\u00ebtimit, regjistro p\u00ebr imazhin origjinal <b>institucionin q\u00eb e ruan, koleksionin ose fondin, identifikuesin e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb, form\u00ebn fizike, p\u00ebrshkrimin, autorin e atribuuar dhe dat\u00ebn ose intervalin kohor<\\\/b>. Dallo negativin nga kopja dhe kart\u00ebn fotografike nga nj\u00eb riprodhim i botuar m\u00eb von\u00eb. N\u00ebse ekzistojn\u00eb dy kopje arkivore, shqyrtoji t\u00eb dyja kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur: nj\u00eb kopje me kontakt mund t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga skajet, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb negativ mund t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb detaje q\u00eb jan\u00eb prer\u00eb n\u00eb kopje. Shpesh nuk e dija as si quheshin fshatrat n\u00eb arkivin e Muzeut Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Fshatarit Rumun. Shum\u00eb fotografi nuk kishin as em\u00ebr, as vend, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb detyra e par\u00eb ishte pun\u00eb detektivi: identifikimi i fshatit. K\u00ebtu nuk ka nj\u00eb metod\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb; gjith\u00e7ka varet nga intuita dhe fati, por edhe nga nj\u00eb st\u00ebrvitje vizuale q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ushtrohet, duke m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb njoh\u00ebsh format e maleve. Nj\u00eb kujdes: edhe malet ndryshojn\u00eb. Pyjet rriten s\u00ebrish dhe rr\u00ebshqitjet e dheut i riform\u00ebsojn\u00eb shpatet, si\u00e7 ndodhi n\u00eb Pades.\",\"b28\":\"<b>Shembull, Avdela.<\\\/b> Harta fotografike e projektit paraqet nj\u00eb negativ xhami t\u00eb fshatit t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb <b>Manastir, Fondi 0580, GPN 5701<\\\/b>, pran\u00eb nj\u00eb kopjeje t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb <b>MN\u021aR, Mk-1910<\\\/b>. Nj\u00eb \u00e7ift tjet\u00ebr paraqet Sh\u00ebn Trinitetin, me <b>Bitola GPN 5676<\\\/b> dhe <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1932<\\\/b>. K\u00ebta identifikues i lejojn\u00eb nj\u00eb studiuesi t'i gjurmoj\u00eb objektet historike pavar\u00ebsisht nga rifotografimet e sotme. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">Shihni p\u00ebrshkrimet arkivore t\u00eb projektit<\\\/a>.\",\"b29\":\"Faza e dyt\u00eb: verifiko atribuimin gjeografik\",\"b30\":\"Shqyrto <b>profilet e kreshtave, majat, lumenjt\u00eb, gjeometrin\u00eb e luginave, kryq\u00ebzimet e rrug\u00ebve, kambanoret, muratur\u00ebn, vijat e \u00e7ative, urat dhe linjat e shikimit<\\\/b>. Ato nuk jan\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj t\u00eb besueshme. Malet shpesh mbijetojn\u00eb si pika referimi n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, nd\u00ebrsa fasadat dhe rrug\u00ebt mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen. Krahaso hartat historike, hartat topografike t\u00eb sotme, imazhet ajrore dhe fotografit\u00eb e b\u00ebra nga t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. K\u00ebrko paralelisht variantet e vjetra, zyrtare dhe arumune t\u00eb toponimeve.\",\"b31\":\"<b>Shembull, Plovdivi dhe Sliveni.<\\\/b> Nj\u00eb panoram\u00eb historike q\u00eb mendohej se paraqiste Plovdivin u verifikua me mjedisin q\u00eb i supozohej. Sfondi i saj malor nuk e kaloi krahasimin dhe e drejtoi k\u00ebrkimin drejt <b>Slivenit<\\\/b>. Ndryshimi i atribuimit \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i analiz\u00ebs vizuale dhe gjeografike, jo nj\u00eb ndryshim i b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">Rasti n\u00eb Ditar<\\\/a>.\",\"b32\":\"Faza e tret\u00eb: rind\u00ebrto pozicionin e kamer\u00ebs\",\"b33\":\"Pasi vendbanimi t\u00eb jet\u00eb i sigurt, ngushto k\u00ebrkimin te nj\u00eb <b>pozicion kamere<\\\/b> i argumentuesh\u00ebm, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb pozicioni dhe lart\u00ebsia e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt e kamer\u00ebs historike. P\u00ebrputh vendosjen relative t\u00eb pikave fikse t\u00eb referimit, jo vet\u00ebm ngjashm\u00ebrin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb pamjes. Disa metra l\u00ebvizje an\u00ebsore mund ta zhvendosin rreshtimin mes nj\u00eb kambanoreje dhe nj\u00eb maje t\u00eb larg\u00ebt; ngjitja p\u00ebrpjet\u00eb ndryshon pozicionin relativ t\u00eb \u00e7ative; ndryshimi i gjat\u00ebsis\u00eb fokale ndryshon shkall\u00ebn e dukshme dhe fush\u00ebn e pamjes.\",\"b34\":\"Rendi praktik \u00ebsht\u00eb: zgjidh t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn <b>tri pika kontrolli<\\\/b> n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme; rregullo pozicionin dhe lart\u00ebsin\u00eb derisa marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen; pastaj zgjidh nj\u00eb fush\u00eb pamjeje t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme. Gjat\u00ebsia fokale e nj\u00eb objektivi historik <b>nuk<\\\/b> duhet hamend\u00ebsuar nga nj\u00eb imazh i prer\u00eb. N\u00ebse imazhi i mbijetuar \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb i zmadhuar ose i shkurtuar, regjistroje k\u00ebt\u00eb kufizim.\",\"b35\":\"Faza e kat\u00ebrt: b\u00ebj dhe dokumento fotografin\u00eb e sotme\",\"b36\":\"Regjistro pik\u00ebn e sotme t\u00eb v\u00ebshtrimit me <b>gjer\u00ebsi dhe gjat\u00ebsi gjeografike<\\\/b>, sistemin e koordinatave, sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb GPS-it, lart\u00ebsin\u00eb e fotografit ose t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb kamer\u00ebs, drejtimin ose azimutin e kamer\u00ebs kur \u00ebsht\u00eb matur, modelin e kamer\u00ebs, objektivin ose gjat\u00ebsin\u00eb fokale, koh\u00ebn e ekspozimit, dat\u00ebn dhe <b>or\u00ebn vendore me zon\u00ebn kohore<\\\/b>. Ruaj <b>skedarin origjinal t\u00eb imazhit dhe metadatat EXIF<\\\/b>, nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim terreni dhe nj\u00eb fotografi reference t\u00eb pap\u00ebrpunuar q\u00eb tregon mjedisin m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb.\",\"b37\":\"Regjistro edhe <b>stin\u00ebn, motin, aksesin, ndryshimet e dukshme, pengesat dhe burimet e pasiguris\u00eb<\\\/b>. Ora e dit\u00ebs ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi kur p\u00ebrpiqesh t'u afrohesh drit\u00ebs dhe hijeve, por nj\u00eb drit\u00eb dielli identike mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e pamundur, sepse horizonti dhe mjedisi i nd\u00ebrtuar kan\u00eb ndryshuar. Nj\u00eb imazh i b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb or\u00eb tjet\u00ebr nuk duhet paraqitur sikur t\u00eb kishte riprodhuar ndri\u00e7imin historik.\",\"b38\":\"<b>Fushat e panjohura mbeten t\u00eb panjohura.<\\\/b> Kur nj\u00eb vler\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb terren, regjistrimi thot\u00eb \u201ee paregjistruar\u201c; nj\u00eb matje nuk rind\u00ebrtohet kurr\u00eb m\u00eb pas si shif\u00ebr e sakt\u00eb.\",\"b39\":\"Faza e pest\u00eb: dallo rreshtimin optik nga krahasimi interpretues\",\"b40\":\"Klasifiko \u00e7do \u00e7ift:\",\"b41\":\"<b>Rifotografim, rreshtim i af\u00ebrt<\\\/b>: pika historike e v\u00ebshtrimit mb\u00ebshtetet fort nga disa pika referimi dhe kuadrimi i dyt\u00eb i afrohet t\u00eb parit.\",\"b42\":\"<b>Rifotografim, rreshtim i p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt<\\\/b>: vendi \u00ebsht\u00eb i sigurt, por pengesat, shembjet, bim\u00ebsia, terreni ose nj\u00eb prerje e pasigurt e pengojn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt.\",\"b43\":\"<b>Vendi i identifikuar, pika e v\u00ebshtrimit e pazgjidhur<\\\/b>: skena mund t\u00eb vendoset, por pozicioni i sakt\u00eb historik i kamer\u00ebs nuk mund t\u00eb argumentohet.\",\"b44\":\"<b>\u00c7iftim interpretues<\\\/b>: fotografia e sotme eksploron subjektin ose bashk\u00ebsin\u00eb historike pa pohuar se \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta pamje.\",\"b45\":\"P\u00ebrshkrimi duhet t\u00eb shpjegoj\u00eb <i>pse<\\\/i> nj\u00eb rezultat i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb kategorie. Mos e barazo kurr\u00eb \u201ebind\u00ebs vizualisht\u201c me \u201eidentik gjeometrikisht\u201c. Nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim i shkurt\u00ebr dhe i ndersh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pasigurin\u00eb q\u00eb mbetet \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb vetvete nj\u00eb gjetje k\u00ebrkimore.\",\"b46\":\"Faza e gjasht\u00eb: b\u00ebj vazhdimin antropologjik\",\"b47\":\"Tregoja imazhin origjinal njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb vendin ku u b\u00eb. B\u00ebj pyetje t\u00eb hapura, dallo kujtimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nga kujtesa e trash\u00ebguar familjare dhe k\u00ebrko leje para se t\u00eb regjistrosh emra ose t\u00eb botosh rr\u00ebfime personale. Nj\u00eb banor mund t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur ose nj\u00eb fotografi familjare t\u00eb ruajtur privatisht; nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e till\u00eb duhet atribuuar me p\u00eblqim dhe krahasuar me provat dokumentare.\",\"b48\":\"<b>Shembull, Laista.<\\\/b> Dy imazhe t\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Manaki t\u00eb <b>Laist\u00ebs\/Lak\u00ebs<\\\/b>, nj\u00ebri n\u00eb fondet e Manastirit dhe tjetri n\u00eb Bukuresht, hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb histori m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebrmes fotografive t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme dhe njohjes vendore. Harta e projektit e jep negativin e xhamit si <b>Bitola GPN 1115<\\\/b> dhe kopjen si <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1919<\\\/b>, t\u00eb dyja t\u00eb datuara <b>1898<\\\/b> n\u00eb faqe. Ditari tregon si u lidh\u00ebn objekte q\u00eb dukeshin t\u00eb ve\u00e7uara. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">Harta dhe referencat e koleksioneve<\\\/a> dhe <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">rr\u00ebfimi k\u00ebrkimor<\\\/a>.\",\"b49\":\"Faza e shtat\u00eb: boto provat, jo vet\u00ebm \u00e7iftin\",\"b50\":\"\u00cbsht\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do krahasim publik t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet nga nj\u00eb regjistrim i p\u00ebrmbledhur: <b>fotografia historike<\\\/b> (autori, titulli ose titulli p\u00ebrshkrues, data\/intervali, institucioni, identifikuesi); <b>fotografia e sotme<\\\/b> (autori, data dhe vendi); <b>kategoria e p\u00ebrputhjes<\\\/b>; <b>pikat kryesore t\u00eb referimit<\\\/b>; <b>sh\u00ebnim i shkurt\u00ebr p\u00ebr shnd\u00ebrrimet<\\\/b>; <b>referencat e burimeve<\\\/b>; dhe nj\u00eb lidhje me sh\u00ebnimin m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb ditar, kur ekziston.\",\"b51\":\"P\u00ebr rastet e zgjedhura k\u00ebrkimore, boto sipas d\u00ebshir\u00ebs nj\u00eb <b>mbivendosje rreshtimi<\\\/b> dhe nj\u00eb pik\u00eb n\u00eb hart\u00eb me sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb vendndodhjes. K\u00ebshillojm\u00eb t\u00eb mos botohen koordinata t\u00eb sakta p\u00ebr prona private t\u00eb ndjeshme ose vende t\u00eb cenueshme pa p\u00eblqim dhe vler\u00ebsim, dhe t\u00eb mos shtohen ose hiqen dixhitalisht objekte historike n\u00eb asnj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga fotografit\u00eb origjinale t\u00eb \u00e7iftit d\u00ebshmues. \u00c7do trajtim krijues me IA \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb mbahet n\u00eb nj\u00eb kategori vizuale m\u00eb vete, t\u00eb etiketuar pa m\u00ebdyshje.\",\"f1\":\"P\u00ebr \u00e7do \u00e7ift projekti mban nj\u00eb regjistrim terreni: identifikuesin e ruajt\u00ebsit p\u00ebr objektin historik; dat\u00ebn dhe skedarin origjinal t\u00eb fotografis\u00eb s\u00eb re; vendin, me emrat e tij zyrtar\u00eb dhe historik\u00eb; pozicionin, drejtimin dhe lart\u00ebsin\u00eb e kamer\u00ebs, ose \u201ee paregjistruar\u201c kur nuk dihen; kamer\u00ebn dhe objektivin; prerjen e aplikuar; dhe burimin e krahasimit.\",\"nvrephotography\":\"Rifotografimi\",\"nvaromanians\":\"Arumun\u00ebt\",\"nvfield-method\":\"Metoda n\u00eb terren\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"Regjistri i toponimeve\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"Kronologjia e filmave\",\"nvbibliography\":\"Bibliografia\",\"nvarchives\":\"Burime arkivore\",\"nvpapers\":\"Studime k\u00ebrkimore\",\"nvmethods\":\"Metoda dhe debate\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"Si t\u00eb citohet\"},\"mk\":{\"t\":\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\",\"l\":\"\u041e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0430\u0453\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430: \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0453\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0442, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435.\",\"bc\":\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435\",\"b3\":\"\u0412\u0440\u0430\u045c\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\",\"b4\":\"<i>\u0428\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0430<\\\/i>\",\"b5\":\"\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043b\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0442 \u045c\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430: \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u045c\u0430\u0442\u0430 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\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043c.\",\"b10\":\"<b>\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430.<\\\/b> \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438. \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e; \u0443\u0448\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0442.\",\"b11\":\"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\",\"b12\":\"\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0458\u0437\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0445\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u043e <b>1977\u20131979<\\\/b>, <b>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a \u041a\u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u040f\u043e\u0430\u043d \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433<\\\/b> \u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u045c\u0430\u0458\u045c\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0434 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444. \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\\\">\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a \u041a\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0442<\\\/a> \u0438 <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).\",\"b13\":\"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0430. <b>\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0442<\\\/b>, \u0432\u043e \u201eRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u201c (<i>Visual Anthropology<\\\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u0432\u0440\u0430\u045c\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\\\">\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0458 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043e\u0442<\\\/a>.\",\"b14\":\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438. \u0425\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a <b>\u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440<\\\/b> \u0433\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 <b>\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0442 \u0425\u0438\u043b\u0448\u0435\u0440<\\\/b> \u0433\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0458\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0431\u0443\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043e\u0434 <b>1926<\\\/b>, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0458\u045c\u0438 \u0433\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433. \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\\\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\\\/i><\\\/a>, \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430.\",\"b15\":\"\u041f\u043e \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430 <i>\u041e\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430<\\\/i>\",\"b16\":\"<i>\u041e\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430<\\\/i> \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u045a\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435 <b>\u0408\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438<\\\/b>, \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u045c\u0435\u0458\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0458\u0437\u0430\u0436, \u0442\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 <b>\u0413\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430, \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430, \u0410\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430<\\\/b>. \u0422\u043e\u0458 \u0433\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0446\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 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\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435<\\\/b>; <b>\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435<\\\/b>; \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043e\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0432\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442, \u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438.\",\"b51\":\"\u0417\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 <b>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435<\\\/b> \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0458\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0412\u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430.\",\"f1\":\"\u0417\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441: \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442; \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430; \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0438\u045a\u0430; \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u201e\u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e\u201c \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438; \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0458\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435; \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430.\",\"nvrephotography\":\"\u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435\",\"nvaromanians\":\"\u0410\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvfield-method\":\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvbibliography\":\"\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0458\u0430\",\"nvarchives\":\"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\",\"nvpapers\":\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\",\"nvmethods\":\"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\"},\"tr\":{\"t\":\"Saha y\u00f6ntemi\",\"l\":\"Yeniden foto\u011fraflama nereden gelir ve her yeni foto\u011fraf nas\u0131l \u00e7ekilir: g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulmak, alt yaz\u0131y\u0131 s\u0131namak, kameran\u0131n yerini yeniden kurmak, kan\u0131t\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmek.\",\"bc\":\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\",\"b3\":\"Tarih\u00ee bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye d\u00f6nmek\",\"b4\":\"<i>Kadrajda ne kal\u0131r ve ikinci bir ziyaret neyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar<\\\/i>\",\"b5\":\"Bir foto\u011fraf saniyenin bir kesrini sabitler. Durulacak bir yeri de sabitler. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 gitti\u011finde yer de\u011fi\u015fmeye devam eder: bir yol kayar, bir ev y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r, bir a\u011fa\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fcr, bir k\u00f6y sakinlerini yitirir ya da yenilerini kazan\u0131r. Yeniden foto\u011fraflama, bir makineyle geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp ilk foto\u011fraf\u0131n bize h\u00e2l\u00e2 ne s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fini sormakla ba\u015flar.\",\"b6\":\"Y\u00f6ntem basit g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr: g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bul, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n konumunu olabildi\u011fince yak\u0131ndan yeniden yakala ve bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc daha \u00e7ek. Uygulamada eski foto\u011fraf hem harita hem bilmecedir. Arka plan\u0131nda bir vadiyi tan\u0131tan s\u0131rt, makinenin y\u00fcksekli\u011fini ele veren bir \u00e7at\u0131 \u00e7izgisi ya da art\u0131k var olmayan bir sokak k\u00f6\u015fesi bulunabilir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc tekrarlamaya y\u00f6nelik ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir deneme bile kan\u0131t \u00fcretebilir. Engelin kendisi tarih\u00ee olabilir: yeni bir bina, bir yol, bir orman, girilmesi yasak bir s\u0131n\u0131r ya da de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f bir nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131.\",\"b7\":\"Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcrl\u00fc de\u011feri vard\u0131r.\",\"b8\":\"<b>Tarihsel ve mek\u00e2nsal.<\\\/b> Tekrarlanan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler binalardaki, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcndeki, hareketlilikteki, kamusal alandaki ve arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin okunabilir bir kayd\u0131n\u0131 sunar. Bir foto\u011fraf\u0131n devral\u0131nm\u0131\u015f alt yaz\u0131s\u0131ndaki hatalar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Bir da\u011f silueti bir ba\u015fkas\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez; bir Manaki panoramas\u0131n\u0131n arka plan\u0131 varsay\u0131lan kentine uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn yeri yeniden belirlenmelidir.\",\"b9\":\"<b>Antropolojik.<\\\/b> Yeniden foto\u011fraflama yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fimin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi de\u011fildir. Arama eylemi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131y\u0131 bir evi tan\u0131yan, bir yer ad\u0131na itiraz eden, mek\u00e2n\u0131n kaybolmu\u015f bir kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayan ya da bir yolun neden terk edildi\u011fini bilen insanlarla bulu\u015fturur. Anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 iki foto\u011fraf\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131r; yine de bir tarihin kendili\u011finden kan\u0131t\u0131 de\u011fil, yorumlanmas\u0131 gereken tan\u0131kl\u0131klar olarak kal\u0131r.\",\"b10\":\"<b>G\u00f6rsel.<\\\/b> Tarih\u00ee bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc birbirini ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaz. G\u00f6z\u00fcn ke\u015ffetmeye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir aral\u0131k yarat\u0131rlar. \u0130zleyici s\u00fcreklilikle kaybolu\u015fu ayn\u0131 anda fark eder; daha da \u00f6nemlisi, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma iki foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n da bir bak\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 se\u00e7ti\u011fini ve kadraja neyin girebilece\u011fine karar verdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.\",\"b11\":\"Tarihi olan bir y\u00f6ntem\",\"b12\":\"Tekrar foto\u011fraf\u0131, foto\u011fraf sanat\u0131nda ve be\u015fer\u00ee bilimlerde yerle\u015fik bir yer edinmeden \u00f6nce jeologlar ve peyzaj bilimcileri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131. <b>1977\u20131979<\\\/b> y\u0131llar\u0131nda <b>Mark Klett, Ellen Manchester ve JoAnn Verburg<\\\/b>, Amerikan Bat\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i>\u2019i d\u00fczenlediler. On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l ara\u015ft\u0131rma foto\u011fraflar\u0131na d\u00f6nerek konumlar\u0131 ve kadrajlar\u0131 yeniden kurdular; bunu yaparken hem tarih\u00ee hem de \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlerini kabul ettiler. Bkz. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\\\">Mark Klett\u2019in projeye ili\u015fkin anlat\u0131m\u0131<\\\/a> ve <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).\",\"b13\":\"Y\u00f6ntem daha sonra g\u00f6rsel antropolojide a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. <b>Trudi Smith<\\\/b>, \u201cRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u201d (<i>Visual Anthropology<\\\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde, daha \u00f6nceki bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalara, yere ve yoruma dikkat eden, konumlanm\u0131\u015f bir saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak ele ald\u0131. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\\\">Yay\u0131nevi kayd\u0131<\\\/a>.\",\"b14\":\"Balkanlarda da \u00f6nc\u00fcller var. Hollandal\u0131 foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 ve gezgin <b>Casper Molenaar<\\\/b>, Alman foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 <b>Kurt Hielscher<\\\/b>\u2019in <b>1926<\\\/b> tarihli Yugoslavya alb\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n izini s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve tarih\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini yan yana koydu. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\\\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\\\/i><\\\/a> adl\u0131 projesi \u00f6zellikle yak\u0131n bir g\u00f6rsel kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131r.\",\"b15\":\"<i>D\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00d6tesinde<\\\/i>\u2019yi farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan\",\"b16\":\"<i>D\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00d6tesinde<\\\/i> ba\u015fka bir tarih\u00ee ar\u015fiv ve ba\u015fka bir soru etraf\u0131nda kurulur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, \u00e7ok dilli Osmanl\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 sonras\u0131 Balkanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f Aroman foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar <b>Yanaki ve Milton Manaki<\\\/b> taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildi. Proje tek bir ulusal manzaray\u0131 de\u011fil, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc <b>Yunanistan, Kuzey Makedonya, Arnavutluk ve Bulgaristan<\\\/b> s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 izler. Foto\u011fraf bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, cam negatifleri, ar\u015fiv belgelerini, st\u00fcdyo portrelerini ve gerekti\u011finde karde\u015flerin hareketli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini bir araya getirir.\",\"b17\":\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz foto\u011fraf\u0131 son yan\u0131t de\u011fildir. Bir konumu s\u0131naman\u0131n ve ba\u015fka bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flaman\u0131n arac\u0131d\u0131r: burada kim ya\u015fad\u0131; bu k\u00f6y\u00fc bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na hangi yol ba\u011fl\u0131yordu; insanlar ne zaman gitti; bir ad neden \u00e7evrildi ya da unutuldu; \u00f6zg\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bir ar\u015five nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131? Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, on y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre boyunca tekrarlanan yolculuklar\u0131, B\u00fckre\u015f\u2019teki <b>Ulusal Rumen K\u00f6yl\u00fc M\u00fczesi<\\\/b> ile <b>Manast\u0131r\u2019daki (Bitola) Devlet Ar\u015fivi<\\\/b>\u2019nde yap\u0131lan incelemeleri ve karde\u015flerin izledi\u011fi g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar boyunca sahada yap\u0131lan sohbetleri kapsad\u0131.\",\"b18\":\"Projenin \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, <b>ulus\u00f6tesi yeniden foto\u011fraflamay\u0131 tek tek \u00f6\u011feler d\u00fczeyinde ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla, tarih\u00ee yer ad\u0131 bilimiyle, topluluk belle\u011fiyle ve gezici bir sergiyle birle\u015ftirmesinde<\\\/b> yatar. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman en ilgin\u00e7 olan foto\u011fraf\u0131n kendisi de\u011fil, hik\u00e2yedir: yol boyunca ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hik\u00e2yeler, k\u00f6ylerde tan\u0131\u015f\u0131lan insanlardan, ar\u015fiv dosyalar\u0131ndan, yanl\u0131\u015f sapaklardan ve plans\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalardan gelenler.\",\"b19\":\"Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131 projenin <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">foto\u011fraf haritas\u0131nda<\\\/a> ve <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck<\\\/a>\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir: bir tiyatro program\u0131 sayesinde tarihlendirilen bir Londra foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n yeniden kurulmas\u0131, da\u011flar uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Plovdiv\u2019den Sliven\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nan bir panorama ve farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde saklanan Laista g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin yeniden bir araya gelmesi.\",\"b20\":\"Bir foto\u011fraf \u00e7iftinin kan\u0131tlayamad\u0131klar\u0131\",\"b21\":\"\u0130ki foto\u011fraf g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u00f6\u011felerin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterebilir. Tek ba\u015flar\u0131na bunun nedenini her zaman a\u00e7\u0131klayamazlar. Bo\u015f bir meydan bir toplulu\u011fun yok oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaz; y\u0131k\u0131k bir bina ne zaman terk edildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermez; daha yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir da\u011f farkl\u0131 bir objektifin ya da k\u0131rpman\u0131n sonucu olabilir. <i>D\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00d6tesinde<\\\/i> her kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmada <b>g\u00f6zlemlenebilir de\u011fi\u015fimi<\\\/b>, <b>tarihsel olarak belgelenmi\u015f a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131<\\\/b>, <b>yerel tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\\\/b> ve <b>ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n yorumunu<\\\/b> birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r.\",\"b22\":\"Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da korur. Do\u011fru tarih\u00ee makine konumuna eri\u015filemiyor ya da o konum yok olmu\u015f olabilir. B\u00f6yle durumlarda yak\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kesin bir optik e\u015fle\u015fme olarak sunulmaz, <b>g\u00f6rsel bir yakla\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k<\\\/b> olarak etiketlenir. Kesinlik, kan\u0131t\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131n\u0131 vermektir; zaman\u0131n geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fine dair bir vaat de\u011fildir.\",\"b23\":\"Saha metodolojisi: ikinci foto\u011fraf nas\u0131l \u00e7ekilir\",\"b24\":\"<i>Tarih\u00ee bir alt yaz\u0131dan tekrarlanabilir modern bir bak\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131na<\\\/i>\",\"b25\":\"Pratik g\u00f6rev, 1900 dolaylar\u0131nda bir foto\u011fraf\u0131n \u00e7ekildi\u011fi yeri arazinin izin verdi\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011frulukla bulmakt\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcn bir alt yaz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu de\u011fil, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki bir varsay\u0131md\u0131r. Baz\u0131 alt yaz\u0131lar negatifin pozlanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sonra verilmi\u015ftir; baz\u0131lar\u0131 eskimi\u015f yer adlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r ya da \u00f6nceki bir yanl\u0131\u015f te\u015fhisi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u015famalar sabit bir protokol de\u011fil, projenin kendi prati\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nergelerdir; her vaka uyarlamalar gerektirebilir.\",\"b26\":\"Birinci a\u015fama: nesneyi tan\u0131mlamak\",\"b27\":\"Yola \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce \u00f6zg\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn <b>sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurumu, koleksiyonunu ya da fonunu, \u00f6\u011fe tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, fiziksel bi\u00e7imini, alt yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, atfedilen yazar\u0131n\u0131 ve tarihini ya da tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\\\/b> kaydedin. Negatifi bask\u0131dan, foto\u011fraf kart\u0131n\u0131 da sonradan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir reprod\u00fcksiyondan ay\u0131r\u0131n. \u0130ki ar\u015fiv kopyas\u0131 varsa, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse ikisini de inceleyin: bir kontakt bask\u0131 kenarlardan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir, negatif ise bask\u0131da k\u0131rp\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 koruyabilir. Ulusal Rumen K\u00f6yl\u00fc M\u00fczesi ar\u015fivindeki k\u00f6ylerin adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bilmiyordum bile. Pek \u00e7ok foto\u011fraf\u0131n ne ad\u0131 ne de yeri vard\u0131; bu y\u00fczden ilk i\u015f bir dedektiflik i\u015fiydi: k\u00f6y\u00fc tan\u0131mlamak. Burada ger\u00e7ek bir y\u00f6ntem yok; i\u015f sezgiye ve \u015fansa kal\u0131yor, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak geli\u015ftirilebilen g\u00f6rsel bir e\u011fitime de: da\u011flar\u0131n bi\u00e7imlerini tan\u0131may\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeye. Bir uyar\u0131: da\u011flar da de\u011fi\u015fir. Ormanlar yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcr, heyelanlar yama\u00e7lar\u0131 yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirir; Pades\u2019te oldu\u011fu gibi.\",\"b28\":\"<b>\u00d6rnek: Avdella.<\\\/b> Projenin foto\u011fraf haritas\u0131, k\u00f6y\u00fcn <b>Bitola, Fon 0580, GPN 5701<\\\/b> numaras\u0131yla saklanan bir cam negatifini, <b>MN\u021aR, Mk-1910<\\\/b> numaral\u0131 bir bask\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda g\u00f6sterir. Ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ift Kutsal \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc Kilisesi\u2019ni g\u00f6sterir: <b>Bitola GPN 5676<\\\/b> ve <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1932<\\\/b>. Bu tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131lar bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00ee nesnelerin izini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz yeniden \u00e7ekimlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak s\u00fcrmesine olanak tan\u0131r. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">Projenin ar\u015fiv alt yaz\u0131lar\u0131na bak\u0131n<\\\/a>.\",\"b29\":\"\u0130kinci a\u015fama: co\u011frafi atf\u0131 s\u0131namak\",\"b30\":\"<b>S\u0131rt profillerini, zirveleri, nehirleri, vadi geometrisini, sokak kav\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131, kilise kulelerini, duvar \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7at\u0131 \u00e7izgilerini, k\u00f6pr\u00fcleri ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f hatlar\u0131n\u0131<\\\/b> inceleyin. Hepsi ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenilir de\u011fildir. Da\u011flar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli yer i\u015faretleri olarak kal\u0131r, cepheler ve yollar ise d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Tarih\u00ee haritalar\u0131, g\u00fcncel topo\u011frafik haritalar\u0131, hava g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi foto\u011fraflar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Eski, resm\u00ee ve Aromanca yer ad\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerini paralel olarak aray\u0131n.\",\"b31\":\"<b>\u00d6rnek: Plovdiv ve Sliven.<\\\/b> Plovdiv\u2019i g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen tarih\u00ee bir panorama, varsay\u0131lan yeriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak s\u0131nand\u0131. Arka plandaki da\u011flar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmadan ge\u00e7emedi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 <b>Sliven<\\\/b>\u2019e y\u00f6neltti. Atf\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi g\u00f6rsel ve co\u011frafi analizin bir sonucudur; daha iyi bir anlat\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik de\u011fildir. <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck\u2019teki vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\\\/a>.\",\"b32\":\"\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015fama: makinenin yerini yeniden kurmak\",\"b33\":\"Yerle\u015fim kesinle\u015ftikten sonra arama savunulabilir bir <b>makine konumuna<\\\/b>, yani tarih\u00ee makinenin yakla\u015f\u0131k yerine ve y\u00fcksekli\u011fine daralt\u0131l\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn genel benzerli\u011fini de\u011fil, sabit yer i\u015faretlerinin birbirine g\u00f6re konumlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirin. Birka\u00e7 metrelik yanal hareket, bir kilise kulesiyle uzaktaki bir zirve aras\u0131ndaki hizay\u0131 kayd\u0131rabilir; yoku\u015f yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131n birbirine g\u00f6re konumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirir; odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.\",\"b34\":\"Pratik s\u0131ra \u015f\u00f6yledir: farkl\u0131 derinliklerde en az <b>\u00fc\u00e7 kontrol noktas\u0131<\\\/b> se\u00e7in; aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fene kadar konumu ve y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ayarlay\u0131n; sonra uygun bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 se\u00e7in. Tarih\u00ee bir objektifin odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131rp\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcden <b>tahmin edilmemelidir<\\\/b>. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc zaten b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da k\u0131rp\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 kaydedin.\",\"b35\":\"D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015fama: g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmek ve belgelemek\",\"b36\":\"Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bak\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131 <b>enlem ve boylamla<\\\/b>, koordinat sistemiyle, yakla\u015f\u0131k GPS do\u011frulu\u011fuyla, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ya da makine merkezinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fiyle, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fcyse makinenin y\u00f6n\u00fc ya da azimutuyla, makine modeliyle, objektif ya da odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, pozlama s\u00fcresiyle, tarihle ve <b>saat dilimiyle birlikte yerel saatle<\\\/b> kaydedin. <b>\u00d6zg\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ve EXIF meta verilerini<\\\/b>, bir saha notunu ve daha geni\u015f \u00e7evreyi g\u00f6steren, \u00fczerinde oynanmam\u0131\u015f bir referans foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 saklay\u0131n.\",\"b37\":\"<b>Mevsimi, havay\u0131, eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fimleri, engelleri ve belirsizlik kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131<\\\/b> da kaydedin. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6lgeleri yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken g\u00fcn\u00fcn saati \u00f6nemlidir, ama ufuk \u00e7izgisi ve yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evre de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olabilir. Farkl\u0131 bir saatte \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc tarih\u00ee ayd\u0131nlatmay\u0131 yeniden \u00fcretmi\u015f gibi sunulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\",\"b38\":\"<b>Bilinmeyen alanlar bilinmeyen olarak kal\u0131r.<\\\/b> Bir de\u011fer sahada kaydedilmediyse kay\u0131tta \u201ckaydedilmedi\u201d yazar; bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm hi\u00e7bir zaman sonradan kesin bir say\u0131 olarak yeniden kurulmaz.\",\"b39\":\"Be\u015finci a\u015fama: optik hizalamay\u0131 yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmadan ay\u0131rmak\",\"b40\":\"Her \u00e7ifti s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131n:\",\"b41\":\"<b>Yeniden foto\u011fraflama, yak\u0131n hizalama<\\\/b>: tarih\u00ee bak\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 birden \u00e7ok yer i\u015faretiyle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde desteklenir ve ikinci kadraj birinciye yakla\u015f\u0131r.\",\"b42\":\"<b>Yeniden foto\u011fraflama, yakla\u015f\u0131k hizalama<\\\/b>: yer kesindir, ama engeller, y\u0131k\u0131mlar, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, arazi ya da belirsiz k\u0131rpma daha yak\u0131n bir e\u015fle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nler.\",\"b43\":\"<b>Yer belirlendi, bak\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi<\\\/b>: sahnenin yeri bulunabilir, ama tarih\u00ee makinenin tam konumu savunulamaz.\",\"b44\":\"<b>Yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirme<\\\/b>: bug\u00fcnk\u00fc foto\u011fraf ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc iddia etmeden tarih\u00ee konuyu ya da toplulu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.\",\"b45\":\"A\u00e7\u0131klama, bir sonucun <i>neden<\\\/i> belirli bir kategoriye ait oldu\u011funu anlatmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cG\u00f6rsel olarak ikna edici\u201d asla \u201cgeometrik olarak \u00f6zde\u015f\u201d ile bir tutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kalan belirsizlik \u00fczerine k\u0131sa ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir not, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgusudur.\",\"b46\":\"Alt\u0131nc\u0131 a\u015fama: antropolojik takibi yapmak\",\"b47\":\"\u00d6zg\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc \u00e7ekildi\u011fi yerdeki insanlara g\u00f6sterin. A\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu sorular sorun, do\u011frudan an\u0131y\u0131 aileden devral\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bellekten ay\u0131r\u0131n ve adlar\u0131 kaydetmeden ya da ki\u015fisel anlat\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131mlamadan \u00f6nce izin isteyin. Bir yerli, ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f bir binay\u0131 ya da \u00f6zel olarak saklanm\u0131\u015f bir aile foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yabilir; b\u00f6yle bir tan\u0131kl\u0131k onayla birlikte kayna\u011f\u0131yla an\u0131lmal\u0131 ve belgesel kan\u0131tla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\",\"b48\":\"<b>\u00d6rnek: Laista.<\\\/b> <b>Laista\/Laka<\\\/b>\u2019ya ait, biri Bitola koleksiyonlar\u0131nda, \u00f6teki B\u00fckre\u015f\u2019te bulunan iki Manaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, sonraki foto\u011fraflar ve yerel tan\u0131ma yoluyla daha geni\u015f bir tarihe girer. Projenin haritas\u0131 cam negatifi <b>Bitola GPN 1115<\\\/b>, bask\u0131y\u0131 <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1919<\\\/b> olarak verir; sitede ikisi de <b>1898<\\\/b> tarihlidir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck, birbirinden kopuk g\u00f6r\u00fcnen nesnelerin nas\u0131l birle\u015ftirildi\u011fini anlat\u0131r. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">Harita ve koleksiyon k\u00fcnyeleri<\\\/a> ve <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">ara\u015ft\u0131rma anlat\u0131s\u0131<\\\/a>.\",\"b49\":\"Yedinci a\u015fama: yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ifti de\u011fil, kan\u0131t\u0131 yay\u0131mlamak\",\"b50\":\"Her kamusal kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya en iyi, k\u0131sa bir kay\u0131t e\u015flik eder: <b>tarih\u00ee foto\u011fraf<\\\/b> (yazar, ba\u015fl\u0131k ya da betimleyici ba\u015fl\u0131k, tarih\/tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, kurum, tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131); <b>g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz foto\u011fraf\u0131<\\\/b> (yazar, tarih ve yer); <b>e\u015fle\u015fme kategorisi<\\\/b>; <b>temel yer i\u015faretleri<\\\/b>; <b>d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler \u00fczerine k\u0131sa not<\\\/b>; <b>kaynak k\u00fcnyeleri<\\\/b>; ve varsa daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yaz\u0131s\u0131na bir ba\u011flant\u0131.\",\"b51\":\"Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma vakalar\u0131 i\u00e7in iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 bir <b>hizalama katman\u0131<\\\/b> ve yakla\u015f\u0131k konum do\u011frulu\u011fuyla bir harita noktas\u0131 yay\u0131mlay\u0131n. Hassas \u00f6zel m\u00fclkler ya da korunmas\u0131z alanlar i\u00e7in kesin koordinatlar\u0131n onay ve de\u011ferlendirme olmadan yay\u0131mlanmamas\u0131n\u0131, kan\u0131t niteli\u011findeki \u00e7iftin \u00f6zg\u00fcn foto\u011fraflar\u0131ndan herhangi birine dijital olarak tarih\u00ee nesne eklenmemesini ya da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyoruz. Yapay zek\u00e2 ile yap\u0131lan her yarat\u0131c\u0131 uygulama ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a etiketlenmi\u015f bir g\u00f6rsel kategoride tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\",\"f1\":\"Proje her \u00e7ift i\u00e7in bir saha kayd\u0131 tutar: tarih\u00ee nesne i\u00e7in saklayan kurumun tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131; yeni foto\u011fraf\u0131n tarihi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn dosyas\u0131; resm\u00ee ve tarih\u00ee adlar\u0131yla yer; makinenin konumu, y\u00f6n\u00fc ve y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ya da bilinmiyorsa \u201ckaydedilmedi\u201d; makine ve objektif; uygulanan k\u0131rpma; ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131.\",\"nvrephotography\":\"Yeniden foto\u011fraflama\",\"nvaromanians\":\"Aromanlar\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"Nas\u0131l at\u0131f yap\u0131l\u0131r\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"Yer adlar\u0131 dizini\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"Film kronolojisi\",\"nvbibliography\":\"Kaynak\u00e7a\",\"nvarchives\":\"Ar\u015fiv kaynaklar\u0131\",\"nvpapers\":\"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131lar\u0131\",\"nvmethods\":\"Y\u00f6ntemler ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\",\"nvfield-method\":\"Saha y\u00f6ntemi\"},\"bg\":{\"t\":\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\",\"l\":\"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430: \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430.\",\"bc\":\"\u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\",\"b3\":\"\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\",\"b4\":\"<i>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\\\/i>\",\"b5\":\"\u0421\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u044a\u0433\u043d\u0435, \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f: \u043f\u044a\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438. \u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430.\",\"b6\":\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e: \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0448 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u045d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u044a\u0433\u044a\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430. \u0414\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u044a\u0442, \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0440\u044f\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430.\",\"b7\":\"\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442.\",\"b8\":\"<b>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\\\/b> \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043d\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044f \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u045d \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e.\",\"b9\":\"<b>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430.<\\\/b> \u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u044a\u0442. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u044a\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430.\",\"b10\":\"<b>\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430.<\\\/b> \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430. \u0422\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430. \u0417\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e; \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0430.\",\"b11\":\"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\",\"b12\":\"\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 <b>1977\u20131979<\\\/b> \u0433. <b>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a \u041a\u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0415\u043b\u044a\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0410\u043d \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433<\\\/b> \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> \u0432 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444. \u0412\u0438\u0436\u0442\u0435 <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\\\">\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a \u041a\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\\\/a> \u0438 <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).\",\"b13\":\"\u041f\u043e-\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. <b>\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0442<\\\/b>, \u0432 \u201eRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u201c (<i>Visual Anthropology<\\\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u044a\u043b\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\\\">\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\\\/a>.\",\"b14\":\"\u0418\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a <b>\u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440<\\\/b> \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 <b>\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0442 \u0425\u0438\u043b\u0448\u0435\u0440<\\\/b> \u0432 \u0430\u043b\u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 <b>1926<\\\/b> \u0433., \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\\\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\\\/i><\\\/a>, \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.\",\"b15\":\"\u0421 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 <i>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0434 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430<\\\/i>\",\"b16\":\"<i>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0434 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430<\\\/i> \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441. \u0418\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 <b>\u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438<\\\/b>, \u0430\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0435 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<b>\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<\\\/b>; <b>\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438<\\\/b>; <b>\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435<\\\/b>; <b>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435<\\\/b>; \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u044a\u0432.\",\"b51\":\"\u0417\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <b>\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\\\/b> \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u044a\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0418\u0418 \u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f.\",\"f1\":\"\u0417\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441: \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f; \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430; \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0441 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u201e\u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e\u201c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438; \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435; \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e.\",\"nvrephotography\":\"\u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\",\"nvaromanians\":\"\u0410\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvhow-to-cite\":\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\",\"nvgazetteer\":\"\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430\",\"nvfilm-chronology\":\"\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\",\"nvbibliography\":\"\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\",\"nvarchives\":\"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\",\"nvpapers\":\"\u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\",\"nvmethods\":\"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438\",\"nvfield-method\":\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\"},\"ka\":{\"t\":\"\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\",\"l\":\"\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd: \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0.\",\"bc\":\"\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\",\"b3\":\"\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\",\"b4\":\"<i>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8<\\\/i>\",\"b5\":\"\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4. \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1: \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10ee\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1.\",\"b6\":\"\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10df\u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1: \u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10ea. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1: \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0, \u10e2\u10e7\u10d4, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8.\",\"b7\":\"\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1.\",\"b8\":\"<b>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8.<\\\/b> \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc. \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0; \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1.\",\"b9\":\"<b>\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8.<\\\/b> \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"b10\":\"<b>\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8.<\\\/b> \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea; \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8.\",\"b11\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1\",\"b12\":\"\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e8\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. <b>1977\u20131979<\\\/b> \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 <b>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9 \u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10db\u10d0, \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0<\\\/b> \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 <i>Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.markklett.com\/projects\/rephotographic-survey-project\\\">\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9 \u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4<\\\/a> \u10d3\u10d0 <i>Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project<\\\/i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1984).\",\"b13\":\"\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1. <b>\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8<\\\/b> \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u201eRepeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology\u201c (<i>Visual Anthropology<\\\/i> 20, 2007, 179\u2013200) \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08949460601152815\\\">\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\\\/a>.\",\"b14\":\"\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1. \u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 <b>\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0<\\\/b> \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10db\u10d0 <b>\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e2 \u10f0\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0<\\\/b> <b>1926<\\\/b> \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e3\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.inthefootstepsofkurthielscher.com\/yugoslavia\/\\\"><i>In the Footsteps of Kurt Hielscher<\\\/i><\\\/a>, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0.\",\"b15\":\"\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 <i>Beyond Yesterday<\\\/i>\",\"b16\":\"<i>Beyond Yesterday<\\\/i> \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 <b>\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0<\\\/b> \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10df\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea <b>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\\\/b> \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0, \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.\",\"b17\":\"\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0: \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5; \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc; \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8; \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8; \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8? \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d1\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 <b>\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0<\\\/b> \u10d3\u10d0 <b>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\\\/b> \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4.\",\"b18\":\"\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <b>\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\\\/b>. \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0: \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc.\",\"b19\":\"\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0<\\\/a> \u10d3\u10d0 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8<\\\/a>: \u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8; \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0; \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"b20\":\"\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\",\"b21\":\"\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10e1. \u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0; \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1; \u10db\u10d7\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 <i>Beyond Yesterday<\\\/i> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 <b>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\\\/b>, <b>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1<\\\/b>, <b>\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\\\/b> \u10d3\u10d0 <b>\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1<\\\/b>.\",\"b22\":\"\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 <b>\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3<\\\/b> \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2 \u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"b23\":\"\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0: \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\",\"b24\":\"<i>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4<\\\/i>\",\"b25\":\"\u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 1900 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d6\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0; \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8; \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1.\",\"b26\":\"\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8: \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\",\"b27\":\"\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 <b>\u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8<\\\/b>. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7: \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1. \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1; \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0: \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0: \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0.\",\"b28\":\"<b>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8: \u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0.<\\\/b> \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 <b>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 0580, GPN 5701<\\\/b>, \u10dc\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 <b>MN\u021aR, Mk-1910<\\\/b>-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10db. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1: <b>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 GPN 5676<\\\/b> \u10d3\u10d0 <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1932<\\\/b>. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\\\/a>.\",\"b29\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8: \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\",\"b30\":\"\u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 <b>\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\\\/b>. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.\",\"b31\":\"<b>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8: \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8.<\\\/b> \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 <b>\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc<\\\/b> \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8<\\\/a>.\",\"b32\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8: 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\u10e3\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1; \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1; \u10e4\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1.\",\"b34\":\"\u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0: \u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 <b>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 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\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc <b>\u10d0\u10e0<\\\/b> \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7.\",\"b35\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8: \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\",\"b36\":\"\u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8: <b>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8<\\\/b>, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0, GPS-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4, \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4, \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0, \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd, \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 <b>\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7<\\\/b>. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7 <b>\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 EXIF \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\\\/b>, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.\",\"b37\":\"\u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 <b>\u10e1\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\\\/b>. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1.\",\"b38\":\"<b>\u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\\\/b> \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u201e\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u201c; \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"b39\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8: \u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\",\"b40\":\"\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8:\",\"b41\":\"<b>\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0<\\\/b>: \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"b42\":\"<b>\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0<\\\/b>: \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1.\",\"b43\":\"<b>\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0<\\\/b>: \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.\",\"b44\":\"<b>\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\\\/b>: \u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.\",\"b45\":\"\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, <i>\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db<\\\/i> \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1. \u201e\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u201c \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u201e\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u201c. \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10ec\u10e0\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0.\",\"b46\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8: \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\",\"b47\":\"\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7. \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd; \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1.\",\"b48\":\"<b>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8: \u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0.<\\\/b> \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 <b>\u10da\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\/\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\\\/b>, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1 <b>\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 GPN 1115<\\\/b>-\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 <b>MN\u021aR Mk-1919<\\\/b>-\u10d0\u10d3, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 <b>1898<\\\/b> \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. <a href=\\\"\/over-time\/\\\">\u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\\\/a> \u10d3\u10d0 <a href=\\\"\/journal\/\\\">\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\\\/a>.\",\"b49\":\"\u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8: \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\",\"b50\":\"\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1: <b>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd<\\\/b> (\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8\/\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8); <b>\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd<\\\/b> (\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8); <b>\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0<\\\/b>; <b>\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\\\/b>; <b>\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4<\\\/b>; <b>\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\\\/b>; \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1.\",\"b51\":\"\u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7, \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0, <b>\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0<\\\/b> \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 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